Tunable, Gap-State Lasing in Switchable Directions for Opal Photonic Crystals

Shkunov, Maxim; Vardeny, Z. Valy; DeLong, M. C.; Polson, Randy; Zakhidov, Anvar A.; Baughman, Ray H.

doi:10.1002/1616-3028(20020101)12:1<21::aid-adfm21>3.0.co;2-s

Cited by 180 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Infiltration of dye solution into the voids will precipitate the dye on the walls of the voids. Frolov et al [7] and Shkunov et al [8] achieved lasing in colloidal photonic crystals, at a threshold of 6 MW/cm 2 and at 8 MW/cm 2 respectively, by keeping the passive polymer photonic crystal inside a cuvette filled with the dye solution. In these cases, lasing due to cavity effects from the parallel faces of the cuvette cannot be ruled out.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 38%

“…The rhodamine-B (RhB) dye molecules are present uniformly inside each polystyrene (PS) sphere, constituting active building blocks of the crystal, and hence these dyed crystals are quite different from the crystals used in similar studies earlier, where the passive photonic crystals were either infiltrated with the dye solution [5,6] or kept inside a cuvette filled with the dye solution [4,7,8]. By an appropriate choice of the colloidal diameter, the stop band wavelength is made to overlap with the emission spectrum of RhB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 44%

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Laser emission from self-assembled active photonic crystal matrix

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Three-dimensionally ordered photonic crystals were grown using self-assembly technique from Rhodamine-B dye doped polystyrene micro-spheres resulting in a stop band at 611 nm overlapping the emission spectrum of the dye. When excited at a wavelength away from the stop band, using a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser, the crystal showed angledependent suppression of spontaneous emission of the dye in the wavelength range of the photonic stop band and enhancement at the band edge, in reflection and transmission geometries. Spectral narrowing, a sharp threshold and a highly directional emission, all indicative of stimulated emission, were observed from the active photonic crystal matrix.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 38%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Laser emission from self-assembled active photonic crystal matrix

et al. 2010

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“…The same principle has also been applied in more complex cavity structures, such as distributed feedback lasers and photonic crystals lasers, in which the cavity modes are the Bloch modes associated with the periodic structure. Tuning the lattice constant then provides a simple tool to tune the laser for high-quality photonic crystals 15,16 or with localized periodicity 17,18 . These tricks do not work in random structures due to the absence of periodicity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 48%

Resonance-driven random lasing

Sapienza

García

Gottardo³

et al. 2008

Nature Photon

275

183

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A random laser is a system formed by a random assembly of elastic scatterers dispersed into an optical gain medium 1 . The multiple light scattering replaces the standard optical cavity of traditional lasers and the interplay between gain and scattering determines the lasing properties. All random lasers studied to date have consisted of irregularly shaped or polydisperse scatterers, with a certain average scattering strength that was constant over the frequency window of the laser [2][3][4] . In this letter we consider the case where the scattering is resonant. We demonstrate that randomly assembled monodisperse spheres can sustain scattering resonances over the gain frequency window, and that the lasing wavelength can therefore be controlled by means of the diameter and refractive index of the spheres. The system is therefore a random laser with an a priori designed lasing peak within the gain curve.In recent years the interest in random lasing has grown very rapidly, particularly following the observation of this phenomenon in powdered laser crystals 5 , ceramics 6 , organic composites 7 , and even biological tissue 8 . The necessary condition for a random laser is that the material is multiply scattering light, which means that the transport mean free path (the average distance over which the scattered light direction is randomized) ' t ( L, where L is the sample size. The other fundamental quantity is the gain length ' g , which represents the path length over which the intensity is amplified by a factor e þ1 . The interaction between gain and scattering determines the unique properties of the random laser and, in particular, defines the critical thickness for the sample (in slab geometry) to lase,. Unlike in ordinary lasers, the resulting light emission is multidirectional, but the threshold behaviour 3 , the photon statistics 10,11 and relaxation oscillations 12,13 are very similar to those of standard lasers. The spectral output of a random laser system contains narrow emission spikes 4 , which for large spectral width can merge into a smooth peak with an overall narrowing of the spectrum in most experimental configurations 3,14 , like the one considered in this paper.Wavelength tunability is a crucial property of lasing devices. In regular lasers this is easily achieved by tuning the resonance frequency of the resonator. The same principle has also been applied in more complex cavity structures, such as distributed feedback lasers and photonic crystals lasers, in which the cavity modes are the Bloch modes associated with the periodic structure. Tuning the lattice constant then provides a simple tool to tune the laser for high-quality photonic crystals 15,16 or with localized periodicity 17,18 . These tricks do not work in random structures due to the absence of periodicity. Here we will show, however, that even in a completely random system with no periodicity, resonant tunability can be achieved based on singleparticle resonances.A random system, composed of particles of arbitrary shape and size, has a...

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“…Experimentally, the band edge laser in 1D [29], 2D (to dimension change to 2D) [30,31] and 3D [32,33] PCs have been reported. Holography has shown good potential in fabricating PCs [10,11,13,34,35].…”

Section: Band Edge Lasermentioning

confidence: 45%