Tunable microwave magnetic field detection based on Rabi resonance with a single cesium-rubidium hybrid vapor cell

Abstract

We experimentally investigated Rabi resonance-based continuously frequency-tunable microwave (MW) magnetic field detection using a single hybrid vapor cell filled with cesium and rubidium atoms. The multispecies atomic systems, with their tunable abilities in transition frequencies, enabled this atomic sensing head to cover a broader detectable MW field scope compared to the use of a single metal atom. Here, we demonstrated the simultaneous observation of atomic Rabi resonance signals with 85 Rb, 87 Rb, and 133 Cs in the same vapor cell. Using an experimentally feasible static magnetic field (DC field) below 500 Gauss, we realized a MW magnetic field strength detection with bandwidths of 4.8 GHz around 8.1GHz. The use of these three atomic systems confined in a single vapor cell also enabled the establishment of an identical MW field with the help of DC field, allowing us to perform a perfect comparison for different applications that require the same electromagnetic environment. The results may be useful for the realization and application of many atomic detectors based on different physical principles.Recently, various atom-based microwave (MW) field detection techniques have been developed, such as MW electrometry using a Rydberg atom 1-4 , MW magnetometry based on Rabi oscillations 5-8 , and MW magnetic field sensors or standards based on Rabi resonance 9-11 . Atomic-based MW detection techniques are applied widely in many fields, including inertial navigation, detection of explosions, and medical imaging of the heart and brain [12][13][14][15][16][17] . In these techniques, the strength of the MW field could be translated into a Rabi frequency via atomic constants compared to conventional MW field detection techniques. Therefore, atomic-based MW field sensors have the advantage of a high measurement accuracy and are SI-traceable 18-21 . However, these sensing techniques are generally based on single atomic specie. In the other high-accuracy measurements, multispecies atoms are becoming an ideal system for improving performance and analyzing systematic effects [22][23][24] . In this a)