Moirésuperlattices, arising from the periodic Moirépatterns formed by twodimensional (2D) materials stacked with a slight lattice mismatch, have attracted significant attention due to their unique electronic and optical performances. This review provides an overview of recent advances in Moirésuperlattices, highlighting their formation mechanisms, structural characteristics, and emergent phenomena. First, we discuss the theoretical basis and experimental techniques employed in fabricating Moirésuperlattices. Then we outline various characterization methods that enable the investigation of the structural and electronic performance of Moirésuperlattices at the atomic scale. Afterward, we review the diverse range of emergent phenomena exhibited in Moirésuperlattices. These phenomena include the appearance of electronic band engineering, unconventional superconductivity, and topologically nontrivial state. We explore how these phenomena arise from the interplay between the original electronic properties of the constituent materials and the Moirépatterninduced modifications. Furthermore, we examine the potential applications of Moireś uperlattices in fields such as electronics, optoelectronics, and quantum technologies. Finally, we summarize the challenges and directions in Moirésuperlattice research, which include exploring more complex Moirépatterns, understanding the role of twist angle and strain engineering, and developing theoretical frameworks to describe the behaviors of Moirésystems. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the recent progress in Moirésuperlattices, shedding light on their formation, performance, and potential applications. The insights gained from this research are expected to pave the way for the design and development of next-generation functional Moirésuperlattices.
