Tunable Perfect Anomalous Reflection in Metasurfaces with Capacitive Lumped Elements

Tsilipakos, Odysseas; Fu, Liu; Pitilakis, Alexandros; Tasolamprou, Anna C.; Kwon, Do-Hoon; Mirmoosa, M. S.; Kantartzis, Nikolaos V.; Economou, E. N.; Kafesaki, Maria; Soukoulis, Costas M.; Tretyakov, Sergei

doi:10.1109/metamaterials.2018.8534083

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…With the introduction of tunable or switchable elements, metasurfaces can adapt to different environments or take multiple functionalities [12], [16], [41], [42]. Tuning has been demonstrated in several forms, including thermal [43], electrical [10], [44], and optical tuning [45]; or the use pin diodes [46], varactors [47], memristors [48], and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) [49].…”

Section: Background: Programmable Metasurfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Error Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering

Taghvaee

Cabellos‐Aparicio

Georgiou

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Circuits Syst.

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Recent years have seen the emergence of programmable metasurfaces, where the user can modify the EM response of the device via software. Adding reconfigurability to the already powerful EM capabilities of metasurfaces opens the door to novel cyber-physical systems with exciting applications in domains such as holography, cloaking, or wireless communications. This paradigm shift, however, comes with a non-trivial increase of the complexity of the metasurfaces that will pose new reliability challenges stemming from the need to integrate tuning, control, and communication resources to implement the programmability. While metasurfaces will become prone to failures, little is known about their tolerance to errors. To bridge this gap, this paper examines the reliability problem in programmable metamaterials by proposing an error model and a general methodology for error analysis. To derive the error model, the causes and potential impact of faults are identified and discussed qualitatively. The methodology is presented and exemplified for beam steering, which constitutes a relevant case for programmable metasurfaces. Results show that performance degradation depends on the type of error and its spatial distribution and that, in beam steering, error rates over 20% can still be considered acceptable.

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Section: Background: Programmable Metasurfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Error Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering

Taghvaee

Cabellos‐Aparicio

Georgiou

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Circuits Syst.

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“…Moreover, their resonant nature limits their functionalities, bandwidth, and operation conditions. Lately, however, reconfigurable metasurfaces have been proposed where the functionality can tuned or switched [15]- [17], thereby improving applicability and adoption. Reconfigurability can be global or local depending on the actual means of tuning, including optical excitation [18] or electrostatic biasing [19] or through the use of components such as diodes [20], memristors [21], phase change materials [22] and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) [23], [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault Tolerance in Programmable Metasurfaces: The Beam Steering Case

Taghvaee

Abadal

Georgiou

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

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Metasurfaces, the two-dimensional counterpart of metamaterials, have caught great attention thanks to their powerful control over electromagnetic waves. Recent times have seen the emergence of a variety of metasurfaces exhibiting not only countless functionalities, but also a reconfigurable or even programmable response. Reconfigurability, however, entails the integration of tuning and control circuits within the metasurface structure and, as this new paradigm moves forward, new reliability challenges may arise. This paper examines, for the first time, the reliability problem in programmable metamaterials by proposing an error model and a general methodology for error analysis. To derive the error model, the causes and potential impact of faults are identified and discussed qualitatively. The methodology is presented and instantiated for beam steering, which constitutes a relevant example for programmable metasurfaces. Results show that performance degradation depends on the type of error and its spatial distribution and that, in beam steering, error rates over 10% can still be considered acceptable.

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“…Meta-surfaces: Metasurfaces [15] are artificial surfaces composed of sub wavelength periodic patterns with properties generally not occuring in nature. Metasurface manipulates the electromagnetic wave properties such as amplitude [16,38], phase [46,48,49,57], polarization [57] upon interaction with electromagnetic waves. [20] presents a metasurface that achieves perfect anamolous reflection i.e.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But metasurface design in [20] cannot be tuned to control the angle of reflection. To enable tunability, [42,49] suggest the use of varactors as phase shifters in their design to steer the reflected wave. In contrast, ScatterMIMO's smart surface uses delay lines as phase shifters which are less lossy compared to varactor diodes and also have broader bandwidth.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

ScatterMIMO

Dunna

Zhang

Sievenpiper

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

104

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In the last decade, the bandwidth expansion and MIMO spatial multiplexing have promised to increase data throughput by orders of magnitude. However, we are yet to enjoy such improvement in real-world environments, as they lack rich scattering and preclude effective MIMO spatial multiplexing. In this paper, we present ScatterMIMO, which uses smart surface to increase the scattering in the environment, to provide MIMO spatial multiplexing gain. Specifically, smart surface pairs up with a wireless transmitter device say an active AP and re-radiates the same amount of power as any active access point (AP), thereby creating virtual passive APs. ScatterMIMO avoids the synchronization, interference, and power requirements of conventional distributed MIMO systems by leveraging virtual passive APs, allowing its smart surface to provide spatial multiplexing gain, which can be deployed at a very low cost. We show that with optimal placement, these virtual APs can provide signals to their clients with power comparable to real active APs, and can increase the coverage of an AP. Furthermore, we design algorithms to optimize ScatterMIMO's smart surface for each client with minimal measurement overhead and to overcome random per-packet phase offsets during the measurement. Our evaluations show that with commercial off-the-shelf MIMO WiFi (11ac) AP and unmodified clients, ScatterMIMO provides a median throughput improvement of 2 × over the active AP alone. CCS CONCEPTS • Hardware → Wireless devices; • Networks → Physical links; Wireless local area networks.

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Tunable Perfect Anomalous Reflection in Metasurfaces with Capacitive Lumped Elements

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Error Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering

Error Analysis of Programmable Metasurfaces for Beam Steering

Fault Tolerance in Programmable Metasurfaces: The Beam Steering Case

ScatterMIMO

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