Tunable spin injection and detection across a van der Waals interface

Min, Keun-Hong; Lee, Duk Hyun; Choi, Sang‐Jun; Seo, Jung Hun; Kim, Dong Wook; Ko, Kyung-Tae; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Ha, Dong-Woo; Kim, Changyoung; Shim, Jong Hyun; Eom, Jonghwa; Kim, Jun Sung; Jung, Suyong

doi:10.1038/s41563-022-01320-3

Cited by 54 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Fe 3 GeTe 2 (FGT) was discovered as a vdWs ferromagnetic metal with a high Curie temperature of up to 220 K (bulk state) and strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. , Moreover, the resistivity of FGT is more similar to that of multilayer graphene than those of the traditional 3d transition ferromagnetic metals, and the reduced conductivity mismatch may enhance the spin injection efficiency. , Therefore, FGT can be used to inject and detect spin currents in a multilayer graphene channel. In addition, FGT has been utilized to build vertical magnetic tunnel junctions with all-2D vdWs materials. − For example, the FGT/BN/FGT heterostructures showed a tunneling magnetoresistance as high as 160% due to the high-quality interfaces between vdWs materials . Recently, 2D vdWs ferromagnetic metals, Fe 5 GeTe 2 and Fe 3 GaTe 2 , with the Curie temperature near or above room temperature have been discovered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlocal Spin Valves Based on Graphene/Fe₃GeTe₂ van der Waals Heterostructures

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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With recent advances in two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnets with enhanced Curie temperatures, it is possible to develop all-2D spintronic devices with high-quality interfaces using 2D ferromagnets. In this study, we have successfully fabricated nonlocal spin valves with Fe 3 GeTe 2 (FGT) as the spin source and detector and multilayer graphene as the spin transport channel. The nonlocal spin transport signal was found to strongly depend on temperature and disappear at a temperature below the Curie temperature of the FGT flakes, which stemmed from the temperature-dependent ferromagnetism of FGT. The spin injection efficiency was estimated to be about 1%, close to that of conventional nonlocal spin valves with transparent contacts between ferromagnetic electrodes and the graphene channel. In addition, the spin transport signal was found to depend on the direction of the magnetic field and the magnitude of the current, which was due to the strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of FGT and the thermal effect, respectively. Our results provide opportunities to extend the applications of van der Waals heterostructures in spintronic devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlocal Spin Valves Based on Graphene/Fe₃GeTe₂ van der Waals Heterostructures

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Since the time that magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) composed of ferromagnets and insulators were first proposed, they have gained increasing scientific attention and technical attention [1][2][3][4][5] due to their being widely applied in magnetic read heads, magnetic random-access memories (MRAMs), magnetic sensors and in-memory computing. However, although MTJs based on traditional magnetic materials such as Fe and CoFeB Heusler alloys have been extensively investigated, there are still many difficulties and challenges that need to be overcome in order to further improve their performances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant tunneling magnetoresistance in in-plane double-barrier magnetic tunnel junctions based on MXene Cr₂C

Chen

Shao

et al. 2023

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…Electronic structure modification by electron or hole transfer is usually short-ranged owing to the finite extension of electronic wave functions across an interface. Therefore, atomically sharp interfaces of two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials are suitable for exploring the electrical manipulation of magnetic properties via charge transfer in heterostructures. − A vast range of vdW magnetic materials have been discovered to date, including ferromagnetic metals, , ferromagnetic semiconductors, , ferromagnetic topological insulators, antiferromagnetic semiconductors, and antiferromagnetic topological insulators . Among these materials, Fe 3 GeTe 2 (FGT) is a typical vdW ferromagnetic metal with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a high Curie temperature T C of ∼220 K .…”

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confidence: 99%

Selectively Controlled Ferromagnets by Electric Fields in van der Waals Ferromagnetic Heterojunctions

et al. 2023

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Charge transfer plays a key role at the interfaces of heterostructures, which can affect electronic structures and ultimately the physical properties of the materials. However, charge transfer is difficult to manipulate externally once the interface is formed. The recently discovered van der Waals ferromagnets with atomically sharp interfaces provided a perfect platform for the electrical control of interfacial charge transfer. Here, we report magnetoresistance experiments revealing electrically tunable charge transfer in Fe 3 GeTe 2 /Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 /Fe 3 GeTe 2 all-magnetic van der Waals heterostructures, which can be exploited to selectively modify the switching fields of the top or bottom Fe 3 GeTe 2 electrodes. The directional charge transfer from metallic Fe 3 GeTe 2 to semiconducting Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 is revealed by first-principles calculations, which remarkably modifies the magnetic anisotropy energy of Fe 3 GeTe 2 , leading to the dramatically suppressed coercivity. The electrically selective control of magnetism demonstrated in this study could stimulate the development of spintronic devices based on van der Waals magnets. KEYWORDS: controllable coercivity, charge transfer, Cr 2 Ge 2 Te 6 , Fe 3 GeTe 2 , van der Waals heterostructure

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Tunable spin injection and detection across a van der Waals interface

Cited by 54 publications

References 48 publications

Nonlocal Spin Valves Based on Graphene/Fe₃GeTe₂ van der Waals Heterostructures

Nonlocal Spin Valves Based on Graphene/Fe₃GeTe₂ van der Waals Heterostructures

Giant tunneling magnetoresistance in in-plane double-barrier magnetic tunnel junctions based on MXene Cr₂C

Selectively Controlled Ferromagnets by Electric Fields in van der Waals Ferromagnetic Heterojunctions

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Tunable spin injection and detection across a van der Waals interface

Cited by 54 publications

References 48 publications

Nonlocal Spin Valves Based on Graphene/Fe3GeTe2 van der Waals Heterostructures

Nonlocal Spin Valves Based on Graphene/Fe3GeTe2 van der Waals Heterostructures

Giant tunneling magnetoresistance in in-plane double-barrier magnetic tunnel junctions based on MXene Cr2C

Selectively Controlled Ferromagnets by Electric Fields in van der Waals Ferromagnetic Heterojunctions

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Product

Resources

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Nonlocal Spin Valves Based on Graphene/Fe₃GeTe₂ van der Waals Heterostructures

Nonlocal Spin Valves Based on Graphene/Fe₃GeTe₂ van der Waals Heterostructures

Giant tunneling magnetoresistance in in-plane double-barrier magnetic tunnel junctions based on MXene Cr₂C