Tunable Wettability by Clicking Counterions Into Polyelectrolyte Brushes

Azzaroni, Omar; Brown, Andrew A.; Huck, Wilhelm T. S.

doi:10.1002/adma.200601257

Cited by 208 publications

(250 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…They are used in a wide range of applications including colloidal stabilization [2], responsive surface coatings [3], flocculation [4], and superabsorbent gels [5]. Very often they are responsive to external and/or environmental stimuli, such as electric fields [6,7], temperature [5,8], pH [9,10], and salt [11,12]. In recent years, polymer brushes have been shown to be a useful class of materials for many medical and biological applications [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the molar mass of surface-grafted weak polyelectrolyte brushes using force spectroscopy

Al-Baradi

Tomlinson

Zhang³

et al. 2015

Polymer

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The molar mass and dispersity of a polycation, poly[2-(dimethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate)] (PDMAEMA) grafted from a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) backbone, was measured by single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) and shown to be consistent with results from gel permeation chromatography for the same comb polymer in aqueous solution. Comparison was then made between the comb polymer and PDMAEMA brushes that were grown from the substrate, as a function of the pH and ionic strength of the surrounding medium, and the limits of reliable characterization of the polymers are determined. A large discrepancy was observed between the responses of the comb and brush layer at low pH when the PDMAEMA molecules are extended from the supporting substrate. Here it is believed that the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip can penetrate the comb layer and selectively desorb side-chains of the comb. In the case of the well solvated PDMAEMA brushes at high pH, the tip preferentially selects larger chains, resulting in an over-estimate of the brush molar mass. The addition of salt also influenced the molar mass obtained by this technique. It is believed that salted brushes did not adhere well to the AFM tip, with subsequent desorption resulting in an underestimate of the molar mass. However, SMFS was shown to be capable of demonstrating the effect of salt on brush conformation, with greater swelling after the addition of a small amount of NaCl, but a significant decrease when 100 mM is added.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the molar mass of surface-grafted weak polyelectrolyte brushes using force spectroscopy

Al-Baradi

Tomlinson

Zhang³

et al. 2015

Polymer

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“…Substrates include inorganic (4-9), polymer (10)(11)(12)(13), metal (14)(15)(16)(17), semiconductor (18), ceramic (19), and biological materials (20)(21)(22). Applications include nonfouling (23)(24)(25)(26)(27), wettability (28)(29)(30)(31), responsive surfaces (32)(33)(34)(35), corrorison resistance (36), lithographic coating (37), colloid stability (5), and stealth effect (22,38). Most of those applications relied on the merit of higher density coating achieved by SIP.…”

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confidence: 99%

Surface Initiated Polymerization from Substrates of Low Initiator Density and Its Applications in Biosensors

Liu

et al. 2010

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Surface initiated polymerization (SIP) has become an attractive method for tailoring physical and chemical properties of surfaces for a broad range of applications. Most of those applications relied on the merit of high density coating. In this study, we explored a long overlooked field of SIP: SIP from substrates of low initiator density. We combined ellipsometry with AFM to investigate the effect of initiator density and polymerization time on the morphology of polymer coatings. In addition, we carefully adjusted the nanoscale separation of polymer chains to achieve a balance between nonfouling and immobilization capacities. We further tested the performance of those coatings on various biosensors, such as quartz crystal microbalance, surface plasmon resonance, and protein microarrays. The optimized matrices enhanced the performance of those biosensors. This report shall encourage researchers to explore new frontiers in SIP that go beyond polymer brushes.KEYWORDS: surface initiated polymerization • biosensor matrix • quartz crystal microbalance • surface plasmon resonance • protein microarray S urface initiated polymerization (SIP) was initially designed to overcome the concentration barrier problem commonly suffered in the "grafting to" strategy, so that higher grafting density (>0.06 chain nm -2 ) (1) could be achieved. As a "grafting from" strategy, SIP grew polymers from the surface tethered initiators, which could be immobilized to surfaces with high density via well-established techniques such as that of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) (2, 3). SIP has been used to tailor physical and chemical properties of surfaces for a broad range of substrates and applications. Substrates include inorganic (4-9), polymer (10-13), metal (14-17), semiconductor (18), ceramic (19), and biological materials (20)(21)(22). Applications include nonfouling (23-27), wettability (28-31), responsive surfaces (32-35), corrorison resistance (36), lithographic coating (37), colloid stability (5), and stealth effect (22, 38). Most of those applications relied on the merit of higher density coating achieved by SIP. However, we found that only SIP from a low, not high, initiator density could produce superhydrophobic surfaces (39). This finding reminded us that SIP not only produced high density brushes but also allowed us to precisely control many aspects of the resulting polymers, such as film thickness and density, composition (i.e., block copolymers), and functionality. Inspired by this finding, we decided to explore a long overlooked field of SIP: SIP from substrates of low initiator density. Specificially, we applied SIP from substrates of low initiator density to prepare biosensor matrices.The design and preparation of biosensor matrices have attracted a great deal of interest because the performance of biosensors is greatly affected by the characteristics of matrices, such as their chemical composition, three-dimensional (3D) structures, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. For example, Liedberg et al. developed...

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“…A less complex hierarchy of superhydrophilic polyelectrolyte brushes hosting ions is also along the lines of inspiration from natural processes such as cloud and hydrate formation. The "hosted ion" architecture, an under-explored design theme, is able to control ice adhesion through a dispersed ion population with varying results for different ions [153,154]. For a Li + ion, the reduction (in ice adhesion) is ca.…”

Section: Biomimetic Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Modulating Interfacial Structure towards Improved Anti-Icing Performance

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The design of anti-icing surfaces presents an interface with high causal density that has been challenging to quantify in terms of individual contributions of various interactions and environmental factors. In this commentary, we highlight the role of interfacial water structure as uniquely expressing the physico-chemical aspects of ice accretion. Recent work on the topic that focuses on control of interfacial structure is discussed along with results by our research group on wettability of chemically modified surfaces and the role of ions in modulating interfacial structure. Suggestions for systematic studies to understand the fundamental interactions at play in ice adhesion at interfaces are made especially in the under-explored areas of cooperative hydrogen bonding and the role of solvated counterions. Insights expected from such studies would contribute to design of robust anti-icing hierarchies.

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Tunable Wettability by Clicking Counterions Into Polyelectrolyte Brushes

Cited by 208 publications

References 29 publications

Determination of the molar mass of surface-grafted weak polyelectrolyte brushes using force spectroscopy

Determination of the molar mass of surface-grafted weak polyelectrolyte brushes using force spectroscopy

Surface Initiated Polymerization from Substrates of Low Initiator Density and Its Applications in Biosensors

On Modulating Interfacial Structure towards Improved Anti-Icing Performance

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