Tunga penetrans: molecular identification of Wolbachia endobacteria and their recognition by antibodies against proteins of endobacteria from filarial parasites

Fischer, Peter U.; Schmetz, Christel; Bandi, Claudio; Bonow, Insa; Mand, Sabine; Fischer, Kerstin; Büttner, Dietrich W.

doi:10.1016/s0014-4894(03)00058-4

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…IgG responses against WSP were recently reported in cats infected with D. immitis (21), in humans with pulmonary dirofilariasis (58), as well as in humans with lymphatic filariasis (59). Cross-reactions between Ags from Wolbachia residing in filariae and those in insects have been shown (60). Transmembrane regions of WSP, which are conserved between arthropod and nematode Wolbachia, might be responsible for this cross-reactivity (59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Major Surface Protein of Wolbachia Endosymbionts in Filarial Nematodes Elicits Immune Responses through TLR2 and TLR4

Brattig

Bazzocchi

Kirschning

et al. 2004

The Journal of Immunology

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187

173

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More than 150 million humans in tropical countries are infected by filarial nematodes which harbor intracellular bacterial endosymbionts of the genus Wolbachia (Rickettsiales). These bacteria have been implicated in adverse effects of drug treatment in filariasis. The present study provides evidence that purified major Wolbachia surface protein (rWSP) acts as an inducer of the innate immune system through TLR2 and TLR4: 1) recombinant, stringently purified rWSP elicited the release of TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-8 from cultured blood cells of both Onchocerca volvulus-infected and uninfected people; 2) the inflammatory response to rWSP challenge was TLR2- and TLR4-dependent as demonstrated with TLR-transfected fibroblastoid cells, as well as macrophages and dendritic cells from functional TLR-deficient mice; 3) blood cells of onchocerciasis patients exposed to rWSP also generated down-regulating mediators IL-10 and PGE2 after 6 days of culture; 4) furthermore, rWSP-reactive IgG1 Abs were present in sera of O. volvulus-infected people but not in those of uninfected Europeans. The lack of rWSP-reactive IgE and IgG4 in serum indicated a bias toward a Th1-type adaptive immune response. Abs against rWSP stained endobacteria in living and degenerating adult O. volvulus filariae, tissue microfilariae and host tissue macrophages that apparently had engulfed microfilariae. Thus, filarial helminths, through products of their endobacteria such as WSP, acquire characteristics of a typical microbial pathogen inducing immune responses via TLR2 and TLR4.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Major Surface Protein of Wolbachia Endosymbionts in Filarial Nematodes Elicits Immune Responses through TLR2 and TLR4

Brattig

Bazzocchi

Kirschning

et al. 2004

The Journal of Immunology

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187

173

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“…Wolbachia isolates have been found in numerous diseasecarrying insects, such as Culex (12,13), Aedes (27), Glossina (2,26,39), Phlebotominae (16), Cimex (28,29), Ctenocephalides felis (11), and Tunga penetrans (10). It also occurs in parasitic nematodes, such as Onchocerca volvulus, is responsible for the inflammatory reaction that induces blindness (22,24), and has been detected in Brugia malayi (34,36).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Wolbachia Bacteria in Multiple Organs and Feces of the Triatomine Insect Rhodnius pallescens (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)

Espino

Gomez

González

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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At least two types of Wolbachia bacteria were detected in wild and insectarium-raised Rhodnius pallescens, a natural vector of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli. Wolbachia was detected in all the organs and tissues studied and in the feces, and this provided a methodological advantage for determining the presence of this endosymbiont in this host, obviating the need to kill the specimens. The occurrence of trypanosomatids in wild individuals was also studied.

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“…In addition, the existence of new supergroups has been proposed, G (encompassing Wolbachia from spiders) and H (Wolbachia from termites, but different from those in supergroup F) [20,21]. Moreover, further Wolbachia molecular diversity has been uncovered in fleas [22][23][24] and in the filarial nematode Dipetalonema gracile [9], even though a supergroup status has not yet been proposed for these new lineages ( fig. 1).…”

Section: Phylogeny Of Wolbachia In Filarial Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wolbachia: Evolutionary Significance in Nematodes

Casiraghi

Ferri

Bandi

2007

Issues in Infectious Diseases

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Our knowledge of the symbiosis between Wolbachia and filarial nematodes has grown rapidly in recent years. Phylogenetic analyses, which highlight a coevolutionary pattern for filarial nematodes and their wolbachiae, and molecular evolutionary analyses, showing no evidence for positive selection in a surface protein, are both concordant with the idea that Wolbachia has evolved a mutualistic association with its hosts. There are, however, several open questions regarding the biology and evolution of this symbiotic association. In particular, the actual distribution of Wolbachia in filariae and the overall molecular diversity of these bacteria have not yet been completely uncovered. Wolbachia is apparently at fixation in positive species of filariae. Other filariae, which are in some cases phylogenetically related to positive species, lack this symbiosis. This picture is intriguing if we consider that Wolbachia is thought to be beneficial in positive filariae. If filariae rely on Wolbachia for some key biological functions, why should some species have renounced to its presence? We could perhaps suggest that the association between Wolbachia and filariae, while being of some usefulness to the nematode, had not evolved to a state of complete dependence of the host, at least in those nematodes that have renounced to this symbiosis.

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Tunga penetrans: molecular identification of Wolbachia endobacteria and their recognition by antibodies against proteins of endobacteria from filarial parasites

Cited by 40 publications

References 30 publications

The Major Surface Protein of Wolbachia Endosymbionts in Filarial Nematodes Elicits Immune Responses through TLR2 and TLR4

The Major Surface Protein of Wolbachia Endosymbionts in Filarial Nematodes Elicits Immune Responses through TLR2 and TLR4

Detection of Wolbachia Bacteria in Multiple Organs and Feces of the Triatomine Insect Rhodnius pallescens (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)

Wolbachia: Evolutionary Significance in Nematodes

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