Tungsten-Doped Zinc Oxide and Indium–Zinc Oxide Films as High-Performance Electron-Transport Layers in N–I–P Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted tremendous research attention due to their potential as a next-generation photovoltaic cell. Transition metal oxides in N–I–P structures have been widely used as electron-transporting materials but the need for a high-temperature sintering step is incompatible with flexible substrate materials and perovskite materials which cannot withstand elevated temperatures. In this work, novel metal oxides prepared by sputtering deposition were investigated as electron-transport layers in planar PSCs with the N–I–P structure. The incorporation of tungsten in the oxide layer led to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) increase from 8.23% to 16.05% due to the enhanced electron transfer and reduced back-recombination. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images reveal that relatively large grain sizes in the perovskite phase with small grain boundaries were formed when the perovskite was deposited on tungsten-doped films. This study demonstrates that novel metal oxides can be used as in perovskite devices as electron transfer layers to improve the efficiency.

Introduction of Water Treatment in Slot‐Die Coated Organic Solar Cells to Improve Device Performance and Stability

“…In general, the PC 61 BM (A) film used in the active film has a WCA of ≈73.4°, which is lower than that of the PTB7‐Th (D) film (≈95.6°) used in the F films (Figure S9, Supporting Information). [ 15 ] Furthermore, we can predict that D or A material would be more affected by super‐hydrophilic water during the WT process. Because the F‐DIW films have higher surface energies and lower WCAs than the F film, the phase of PC 61 BM molecules was more attractive toward water.…”

Microstructural, Optical, and Work Function Tuning of Fullerene (C60) Modified Zinc Oxide Films for Optoelectronic Devices

“…The reduction in E g value in modified ZnO films may be due to the microstructural defects, surface roughness, and creation of energy states localized near the bottom of the conduction band during the film formation. 36 The spectral dependence of the absorption coefficient (α) and photon energy (hν) is known as Urbach empirical rule, which is given by the equation e ;…”

Indium Oxide Based Nanomaterials: Fabrication Strategies, Properties, Applications, Challenges and Future Prospect

“…Recently, the inexpensive and flexible polymer thin films with stable inorganic nanostructures as fourth generation solar cells are developed to improve the efficiency [70]. In this regard, different indium oxide based nanomaterials are used for fabrication of advanced solar cells that can efficiently convert light energy into electricity [71,72].…”