Tunicamycin Mediated Inhibition of Wall Teichoic Acid Affects Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes Cell Morphology, Biofilm Formation and Virulence

Zhu, Xingyue; Liu, Dongqi; Singh, Atul K.; Drolia, Rishi; Bai, Xingjian; Tenguria, Shivendra; Bhunia, Arun K.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01352

Cited by 67 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…In addition to the collective protection to antimicrobials that can be provided by the extracellular matrix, our data suggest that individual cells might develop protection against external aggressors by enhancing the physical barrier represented by the cell wall. Besides, in B. subtilis , it has been reported the importance of transglycosylation and transpeptidation of the PG, as well as the wall teichoic acid for biofilm formation, which disturbance affect the cell wall structure and drastically affect the extracellular matrix anchoring [36, 37]. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a major component of the cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria, and the LTA synthase ( BC3765 ) is upregulated in 48- and 72-hour aged biofilms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm formation displays intrinsic offensive and defensive features of Bacillus cereus

Caro-Astorga

Frenzel

Perkins

et al. 2019

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BackgroundBiofilm formation is a strategy of many bacterial species to adapt to a variety of stresses and has become a part of infections, contaminations or beneficial interactions. We previously observed that B. cereus ATCC 14579 (CECT148), formed a thick biomass of cells firmly adhered to abiotic surfaces.ResultsIn this study, we combined two techniques, RNAseq and iTRAQ mass spectrometry, to demonstrate the profound physiological changes that permit Bacillus cereus to switch from a floating to a sessile lifestyle, to undergo further maturation of the biofilm, and to differentiate into offensive or defensive populations. The rearrangement of nucleotides, sugars, amino acids and energy metabolism lead to changes promoting reinforcement of the cell wall, activation of ROS detoxification strategies or secondary metabolite production, all oriented to defend biofilm cells from external aggressions. However, floating cells maintain a fermentative metabolic status along with a higher aggressiveness against hosts, evidenced by the production of toxins and other virulent factors.ConclusionsWe show that biofilm-associated cells seem to direct the energy to the individual and global defense against external aggressions and competitors. By contrary, floating cells are more aggressive against hosts. The maintenance of the two distinct subpopulations is an effective strategy to face changeable environmental conditions found in the life cycle of B. cereus.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm formation displays intrinsic offensive and defensive features of Bacillus cereus

Caro-Astorga

Frenzel

Perkins

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Both pathogenic bacteria showed alterations in the PG layer as a result of treatment with the antibiotic tunicamycin, which inhibits the WTA biosynthetic enzyme TagO 48 . Classical negative stain and sectioning TEM showed that the PG layer of L. monocytogenes and S. aureus appears thinner and rougher upon tunicamycin administration 47 . The micrographs from these studies show a striking resemblance with our data of the S. coelicolor sacculi treated with HF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Our data further indicate that TAs play an essential role in the structural integrity of the cell wall by tethering the distinct lamellae of the cell wall to one another. The role of the TAs in the cell wall structure has been previously studied in the Gram-positive pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria " 10 monocytogenes 47 . Both pathogenic bacteria showed alterations in the PG layer as a result of treatment with the antibiotic tunicamycin, which inhibits the WTA biosynthetic enzyme TagO 48 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teichoic acids anchor distinct cell wall lamellae in an apically growing bacterium

Ultee

Aart

Dissel

et al. 2019

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The bacterial cell wall is a dynamic, multicomponent structure that provides structural support for cell shape and physical protection from the environment. In monoderm species, the thick cell wall is made up predominantly of peptidoglycan, teichoic acids and a variety of capsular glycans. Filamentous monoderm Actinobacteria, such as Streptomyces coelicolor, incorporate new cell wall material at the apex of their hyphal cells during growth. In this study we use cryo-electron tomography to reveal the structural architecture of the cell wall of this bacterium. Our data shows a density difference between the apex and subapical regions of chemically isolated sacculi. Removal of the teichoic acids with hydrofluoric acid reveals a rough and patchy cell wall and distinct lamellae in a number of sacculi. Absence of the extracellular glycans poly-β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine and a cellulose-like polymer, produced by the MatAB and CslA proteins respectively, results in a thinner sacculus and absence of lamellae and patches. Extracellular glycans might thus form or lead to the formation of the outer cell wall lamella. Based on these findings we propose a revisited model for the complex cell wall architecture of an apically growing bacterium, in which the network of peptidoglycan together with extracellular polymers is structurally supported by teichoic acids. " 1 " 2 " 13

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“…Because most staphylococcal phages require WTA as their receptor (Azam and Tanji 2019b), we sought to determine whether our SP phages also require WTA. To this end, we generated WTA-free Staphylococcus by inhibiting WTA synthesis in the cell using tunicamycin (Zhu et al 2018). ɸSA039, ɸSA012, and three SP phages (ɸDP001, ɸSP120, and ɸSP197) had no ability to infect WTA-free S. pseudintermedius and S. epidermidis (data not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis host-recognition mechanism of staphylococcal kayvirus ɸSA039 reveals a novel strategy that protects Staphylococcus aureus against infection by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Siphoviridae phages

Azam

Kadoi

Miyanaga

et al. 2019

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1 reveals a novel strategy that protects Staphylococcus aureus against infection 2 by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Siphoviridae phages 3 4 5 6 Abstract 21Following the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant 22 Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius 23 (MRSP), phage therapy has attracted significant attention as an alternative to antibiotic 24 treatment. Bacteriophages belonging to kayvirus (previously known as Twort-like phages) have 25 broad host range and are strictly lytic in Staphylococcus spp. Previous work revealed that 26 kayvirus ɸSA039 has a host-recognition mechanism distinct from those of other known 27 kayviruses: most of kayviruses use the backbone of wall teichoic acid (WTA) as their receptor; 28 by contrast, ɸSA039 uses the β-N-acetylglucosamine (β-GlcNAc) residue in WTA. In this study, 29 we found that ɸSA039 could switch its receptor to be able to infect S. aureus lacking the β- 30 GlcNAc residue by acquiring a spontaneous mutation in open reading frame (ORF) 100 and 31 ORF102. Moreover, ɸSA039 could infect S. pseudintermedius, which has a different WTA 32 structure than S. aureus. By comparison with newly isolated S. pseudintermedius-specific phage 33 (SP phages), we determined that glycosylation in WTA of S. pseudintermedius is essential for 34 adsorption of SP phages, but not ɸSA039. Finally, we describe a novel strategy of S. aureus 35 which protects the bacteria from infection of SP phages. Notably, glycosylation of ribitol 36 phosphate (RboP) WTA by TarM or/and TarS prevents infection of S. aureus by SP phages. 37 These findings could help to establish a new strategy for treatment of S. aureus and S. 38 pseudintermedius infection, as well as provide valuable insights into the biology of phage-host 39 interactions. 40 Keyword: Kayvirus, phage therapy, host-recognition mechanism, Staphylococcus 41 pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus 42 43Staphylococcus is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes many kinds of infections. Two 45 representative species, S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius, are coagulase-positive bacteria that 46 are notoriously pathogenic in humans and animals (Kloos and Bannerman 1994; Pompilio et al. 47 2015). S. aureus is a commensal found on the skin and mucosae of humans, whereas S. 48 pseudintermedius commonly inhabits dog skin. Both are common bacterial pathogens associated 49 with chronic and recurrent skin infections that require long-term systemic antimicrobial therapy. 50Infection by S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius is becoming problematic due to the emergence of 51 antibiotic-resistant strains, including methicillin-resistant (MRSA and MRSP) and vancomycin-52 resistant strains (VRSA) (Enright et al. 2002; Sakoulas et al. 2005). Virulent bacteriophages that 53 can kill a wide range of S. aureus hosts represent promising alternatives to conventional 54 antibiotic treatment (Alves et al. 2014; Iwano et al. 2018; Azam and Tanji 2019a). The success 55 of p...

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Tunicamycin Mediated Inhibition of Wall Teichoic Acid Affects Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes Cell Morphology, Biofilm Formation and Virulence

Cited by 67 publications

References 80 publications

Biofilm formation displays intrinsic offensive and defensive features of Bacillus cereus

Biofilm formation displays intrinsic offensive and defensive features of Bacillus cereus

Teichoic acids anchor distinct cell wall lamellae in an apically growing bacterium

Analysis host-recognition mechanism of staphylococcal kayvirus ɸSA039 reveals a novel strategy that protects Staphylococcus aureus against infection by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Siphoviridae phages

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