“…Generally speaking, the TI boundary states have a rather wide range of tunability of the electronic properties under various perturbations, such as structural distortions [10,11] and mechanical strains [12,13], adsorption of (magnetic and nonmagnetic) atoms and molecules on the surface [14][15][16][17], an alternation of the surface termination [18,19], engineering via capping layers and interfaces with other materials [20][21][22][23], applying an external gate voltage [20,24,25], etc., some of which are accompanied by electrostatic bending of actual bands in TIs. We only briefly annotate the interesting consequences of these perturbations for the states confined at the TI boundary (of course, our literature survey is not exhaustive).…”