Tuning electrodialytic transport properties of heterogeneous cation exchange membrane by the addition of charged microspheres

Abstract

In this study, the sulfonated polystyrene microspheres (MPs) which embraced much 9 smaller particle size and narrower size distribution than those of conventional resin powders (RPs) 10 were synthesized and employed as ion-exchangers exclusively or additives to prepare 11 heterogeneous cation exchange membrane (CEM). Thereupon the effects of the incorporation of 12 the charged MPs on the properties of heterogeneous CEM were investigated. Firstly, the 13 morphologies of the synthesized MPs and the corresponding CEMs were examined by SEM 14 observation. Then, the membrane properties were comprehensively evaluated by the 15 measurements of ion exchange capacity, water uptake, transport number, salt permeability 16 coefficient, membrane resistance, limiting current density and so on. Moreover, surface 17 homogeneity was explored by means of the chronopotentiometric analyses. The experimental 18 results showed that the required amount of RPs can be reduced significantly by adding moderate 19 conductive regions both in membrane body and at membrane surface and then facilitate ion 1 transport. 2

Preparation of High-Performance Semihomogeneous Cation Exchange Membranes for Electrodialysis via Solvent-Free Polyethylene Particle-Confined Monomer Polymerization

“…Figure b showed that the CEM-X exhibited area resistance less than 3 Ω·cm 2 , which was much lower than commercial CAM (6.96 Ω·cm 2 ). Figure c compared the area resistance of membrane CEM-60 with other CEMs reported in the literature. ,,− It can be concluded that membrane CEM-60 exhibited comparable area resistance to homogeneous membranes. There were three reasons that may explain the extremely low area resistance.…”

A Viable and sustainable flat- membrane plate-and-frame module for spent acid regeneration and metal ion recovery

“…Conventional membrane resistance analysis is based on AC techniques such as EIS [ 40 , 77 , 78 ] or LCR [ 79 ]. AC resistance is more than its DC resistance owing to the skin effect , i.e., the non-uniform distribution of an AC flowing through a conductor and its tendency to concentrate near the surface of the conductor at a certain level or skin depth (the current density is ca.…”

“… r (Ω.cm) σ (S/cm) Type Method Ref. QPECH AEM (QP/A-06) 6.411 0.157 DC Four Probe Co-linear DC Method a Present work PECH-C 6.165 ± 0.185 0.157–0.167 AC Kroll's Method [ 44 ] AM-PP 1.14 ± 0.05 0.88 ± 0.04 DC Kroll's Method [ 44 ] AMX 2.35 ± 0.05 0.425 ± 0.005 AC Kroll's Method [ 78 ] 2.67 0.524 AC EIS DSV 3.07 ± 0.20 0.3255 ± 0.0196 AC Kroll's Method ACS 4.39 ± 0.10 0.225 ± 0.05 AC Kroll's Method Brexar 70 17.54 0.057 AC EIS [ 73 ] Nafion® 115 7.41 ± 0.92 0.137 ± 0.17 AC EIS AMPS (58)-GDMA (42) 0.77 ± 0.07 0.0132 ± 0.00...…”

“… Anion Membrane Price (USD $/100 cm 2 ) [a] Manufacturer Ref. Neosepta BP-1 135.0 ASTOM, Japan [ 78 ] Neosepta AHA, 123.3 Orion AMX (35 μm, self-supporting) 450.0 Orion Polymer, USA [ 108 ] PiperION (20 μm, self-supporting) 152.0 Versogen, USA [ 109 , 110 ] PiperION (80 μm, self-supporting) 492.2 Nafion 117 (183 μm, self-supporting) [b] 47.0 Chemours, USA [ 111 , 112 ] Nafion 211 (25.4 μm, self-supporting) [b] 30.0 Nafion 212 (50.8 μm, self-supporting) [b] 32.0 Nafion 1110 (254 μm, self-supporting) [b] 69.0 Nafion N424 (180 μm, PTFE-reinforced) [b] 94.0 Xion PEM-Nafion-1000 (10 μm, self-supporting) [b] 213.5 Xergy Inc, USA [ 113 , 114 ] Pention 5 μm (5 μm, self-supporting) 370.0 Lanxess Sybron Ionac MA-7500 (450 μm, self-supporting) 70.0 Rising Sun Membrane, China PR [ 115 ] FumaSep FAP-450 (45 μm, self-supporting) ...…”

Heterogeneous ion exchange membranes based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU): effect of PSS/DVB resin on morphology and electrodialysis

“…with the concentration ratio. 56 The plots of V Diff vs. ln(C 1 /C 2 ) for various TPU-PSS/DVB membranes are shown in Fig. 7.…”