Tuning the Cross-Linker Crystallinity of a Stretchable Polymer Semiconductor

Wang, Ging‐Ji Nathan; Zheng, Yu; Zhang, Song; Kang, Jiheong; Wu, Hung‐Chin; Gasperini, Andrea; Zhang, Hongyi; Gu, Xiaodan; Bao, Zhenan

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b04314

Cited by 79 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…DSC measurements for PDPP‐T3 and PNDI‐C0, which have highly planar and rigid backbone structures, are presented in Figure (d,e), the step change in c p , thus the glass transition, cannot be readily seen from the DSC scans. A linear curve is observed and is expected based on various previous reports . PDPP‐T3 shows a small curvature at the vicinity of 0 °C.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Challenge and Solution of Characterizing Glass Transition Temperature for Conjugated Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Qian

Galuska

McNutt

et al. 2019

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Thermomechanical properties of polymers highly depend on their glass transition temperature (T g). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is commonly used to measure T g of polymers. However, many conjugated polymers (CPs), especially donor–acceptor CPs (D–A CPs), do not show a clear glass transition when measured by conventional DSC using simple heat and cool scan. In this work, we discuss the origin of the difficulty for measuring T g in such type of polymers. The changes in specific heat capacity (Δc p) at T g were accurately probed for a series of CPs by DSC. The results showed a significant decrease in Δc p from flexible polymer (0.28 J g−1 K−1 for polystyrene) to rigid CPs (10−3 J g−1 K−1 for a naphthalene diimide‐based D–A CP). When a conjugation breaker unit (flexible unit) is added to the D–A CPs, we observed restoration of the Δc p at T g by a factor of 10, confirming that backbone rigidity reduces the Δc p. Additionally, an increase in the crystalline fraction of the CPs further reduces Δc p. We conclude that the difficulties of determining T g for CPs using DSC are mainly due to rigid backbone and semicrystalline nature. We also demonstrate that physical aging can be used on DSC to help locate and confirm the glass transition for D‐A CPs with weak transition signals. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1635–1644

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Challenge and Solution of Characterizing Glass Transition Temperature for Conjugated Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Qian

Galuska

McNutt

et al. 2019

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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“…Distinct to the single loading results, the mobility for IDTBT was higher in the direction perpendicular to strain compared to the direction parallel to strain. This was due to the formation of in-plane wrinkling, where more chains were aligned perpendicular to strain direction when the film was relaxed [70] . The plastic deformation for IDTBT mode further supported the claim that IDTBT polymer chains can slide past each other due to large free volume and, thus, effectively dissipate strain energy.…”

Section: Electrical Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intrinsically Stretchable High‐Performance Polymer Semiconductor with Low Crystallinity

Zheng

Wang

Kang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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141

218

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For wearable and implantable electronics applications, developing intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductor is advantageous, especially in the manufacturing of large-area and high-density devices. A major challenge is to simultaneously achieve good electrical and mechanical properties for these semiconductor devices. While crystalline domains are generally needed to achieve high charge carrier mobilities, amorphous domains are necessary to impart stretchability. Recent progresses in the design of high-performance donor-acceptor polymers which exhibited low degrees of energetic disorder, while having high fraction of amorphous morphology, appears promising for polymer semiconductors. Here, a low crystalline, i.e. near-amorphous, indacenodithiophene-co-benzothiadiazole (IDTBT) polymer and a semi-crystalline thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPPTT) are compared, for mechanical properties and electrical performance under applied strains. It is observed that the low crystalline IDTBT is able to achieve both high modulus and high fracture strain, and to preserve electrical functionality under high strain. Next, fully stretchable transistors are fabricated using the IDTBT polymer, and observed mobility ~0.6 cm 2 V-1 s-1 at 100% strain along stretching direction. In addition, the morphological evolution of the stretched IDTBT films is investigated by polarized UV-Vis and GIXD to elucidate the molecular origins of high ductility. In summary, the nearamorphous IDTBT polymer signifies a promising direction regarding molecular design principles toward intrinsically stretchable high-performance polymer semiconductor.

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“…This was attributed to the film's high surface roughness leading possibly to delamination between the layers. Contrastingly, films crosslinked with the amorphous bisazide exhibited stable hole mobilities in most cases [74].…”

Section: Stretchable Polymer Semiconductorsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Reactive & Efficient: Organic Azides as Cross-Linkers in Material Sciences

Schock

Bräse

2020

Molecules

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The exceptional reactivity of the azide group makes organic azides a highly versatile family of compounds in chemistry and the material sciences. One of the most prominent reactions employing organic azides is the regioselective copper(I)-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with alkynes yielding 1,2,3-triazoles. Other named reactions include the Staudinger reduction, the aza-Wittig reaction, and the Curtius rearrangement. The popularity of organic azides in material sciences is mostly based on their propensity to release nitrogen by thermal activation or photolysis. On the one hand, this scission reaction is accompanied with a considerable output of energy, making them interesting as highly energetic materials. On the other hand, it produces highly reactive nitrenes that show extraordinary efficiency in polymer crosslinking, a process used to alter the physical properties of polymers and to boost efficiencies of polymer-based devices such as membrane fuel cells, organic solar cells (OSCs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Thermosets are also suitable application areas. In most cases, organic azides with multiple azide functions are employed which can either be small molecules or oligo- and polymers. This review focuses on nitrene-based applications of multivalent organic azides in the material and life sciences.

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Tuning the Cross-Linker Crystallinity of a Stretchable Polymer Semiconductor

Cited by 79 publications

References 47 publications

Challenge and Solution of Characterizing Glass Transition Temperature for Conjugated Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

Challenge and Solution of Characterizing Glass Transition Temperature for Conjugated Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

An Intrinsically Stretchable High‐Performance Polymer Semiconductor with Low Crystallinity

Reactive & Efficient: Organic Azides as Cross-Linkers in Material Sciences

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