Tuning the Energetic Performance of CL-20 by Surface Modification Using Tannic Acid and Energetic Coordination Polymers

Abstract

The energetic performance of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) was modulated with two energetic coordination polymers (ECPs), [Cu(ANQ) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ] and [Ni(CHZ) 3 ](ClO 4 ) 2 , in this study by a two-step method. First, tannic acid polymerized in situ on the surface of CL-20 crystals. Then, [Cu(ANQ) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ] and [Ni(CHZ) 3 ](ClO 4 ) 2 were hydrothermally formed on the surface of CL-20/TA, respectively. Explosion performance tests show that the impact sensitivity of the coated structure CL-20/TA/[Cu(ANQ) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ] is 58% less than that of CL-20 with no energy decrease. On the other hand, CL-20/TA/[Ni(CHZ) 3 ](ClO 4 ) 2 can be initiated by a low laser energy of 107.3 mJ (Nd:YAG, 1064 nm, 6.5 ns pulse width), whereas CL-20 cannot be initiated by even 4000 mJ laser energy. This study shows that it is feasible to modify the performance of CL-20 by introducing energetic CPs with certain properties, like high energy insensitive, laser-sensitive, etc., which could be a prospective method for designing high energy insensitive energetic materials in the future.

Research on the Control and Performance of Integrated Self-Assembled Micro-Scale Structure of NC-Coated CL-20

“…The gradual weakening or disappearance of diffraction peaks as particle granularity decreases is a well-known phenomenon. For instance, characteristic peaks of CL-20, typically observed at 12.6 • , 13.8 • , and 25.8 • according to the literature [15], closely align with the data presented in Table 2. Notably, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of CL-20/NC are higher than those of CL-20, with some even approximately tripling.…”

Constructing Single- or Dual-Layer Biomass Composite Energetic Material through Self-Assembly of Biomass Polyphenol Structural Materials

“…Yuan and co-workers designed a high-energy explosive CL-20 with double-layer coating structure modification (Figure ). With tannic acid as the intermediate layer, the double-layer core–shell energy materials CL-20/TA/[Cu­(ANQ) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ] and CL-20/TA/[Ni­(CHZ) 3 ]­(ClO 4 ) 2 were prepared with two high-energy metal complexes [Cu­(ANQ) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ] and [Ni­(CHZ) 3 ]­(ClO 4 ) 2 as the shell. Through performance testing and calculation, compared with uncoated CL-20, the impact sensitivity of CL-20 was reduced by 58% and the energy was reduced by 2.5%, which achieved the purpose of reducing the sensitivity of CL-20 while maintaining high energy.…”

“…Yuan and co-workers designed a high-energy explosive CL-20 with double-layer coating structure modification (Figure 9). 72 With tannic acid as the intermediate layer, the double- by 58% and the energy was reduced by 2.5%, which achieved the purpose of reducing the sensitivity of CL-20 while maintaining high energy.…”

In situ growth of copper-based energetic complexes on GO and an MXene to synergistically promote the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

“…6–12 Among them, energetic complexes (ECs) based on the coordination self-assembly of metal ions and nitrogen-rich ligands have the advantages of a high energy level, a large specific surface area and high gas production, thus receiving widespread attention in the field of energetic materials and combustion promoters. 9,13–21…”

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Among them, energetic complexes (ECs) based on the coordination selfassembly of metal ions and nitrogen-rich ligands have the advantages of a high energy level, a large specific surface area and high gas production, thus receiving widespread attention in the field of energetic materials and combustion promoters. 9,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] In the process of research, however, ECs gradually showed the shortcomings of poor conductivity, thermal conductivity and safety performance. In addition, carbon nanomaterials have a large surface area and excellent conductivity, but they are inert and easy to aggregate.…”