Tuning the Topological $θ$-Angle in Cold-Atom Quantum Simulators of Gauge Theories

Halimeh, Jad C.; McCulloch, Ian P.; Yang, Bing; Hauke, Philipp

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2204.06570

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(147 reference statements)

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“…Besides, by integrating versatile controllable tight-focused optical traps [38,39], we can also perform local measurements on individual atoms along different axes, satisfying the essential request of MBQC. More generally, our platform can offer new opportunities for quantum simulation of intriguing physics in lattice gauge theories [40][41][42][43][44] and exotic quantum phases in the quantum magnetism realm [45]. The capability on realizing low-entropy atom arrays together with the high-precision manipulation of single atoms may open the avenue to demonstrating practical quantum advantage [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional building blocks for scalable multipartite entanglement in optical lattices

Zhang¹,

Ming-Gen²,

Zheng³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Featuring excellent coherence and operated parallelly, ultracold atoms in optical lattices form a competitive candidate for quantum computation. For this, a massive number of parallel entangled atom pairs have been realized in superlattices. However, the more formidable challenge is to scale-up and detect multipartite entanglement due to the lack of manipulations over local atomic spins in retro-reflected bichromatic superlattices. Here we developed a new architecture based on a cross-angle spin-dependent superlattice for implementing layers of quantum gates over moderatelyseparated atoms incorporated with a quantum gas microscope for single-atom manipulation. We created and verified functional building blocks for scalable multipartite entanglement by connecting Bell pairs to one-dimensional 10-atom chains and two-dimensional plaquettes of 2 × 4 atoms. This offers a new platform towards scalable quantum computation and simulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional building blocks for scalable multipartite entanglement in optical lattices

Zhang¹,

Ming-Gen²,

Zheng³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…At the critical temperature T c we anticipate a thermal deconfinement transition, where matter excitations become free Z 2 charges (bound mesons) for T > T c (T < T c ). How this transition is related to the quantum deconfinement transition at T = 0 [56,57], driven by quantum fluctuations, is not clear to us.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum simulation of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theories with dynamical matter from two-body interactions in $(2+1)$D

Homeier¹,

Bohrdt²,

Simon³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Gauge fields coupled to dynamical matter are a universal framework in many disciplines of physics, ranging from particle to condensed matter physics, but remain poorly understood at strong couplings. Through the steadily increasing control over numerically inaccessible Hilbert spaces, analog quantum simulation platforms have become a powerful tool to study interacting quantum manybody systems. Here we propose a scheme in which a Z2 gauge structure emerges from local two-body interactions and one-body terms in two spatial dimensions. The scheme is suitable for Rydberg atom arrays and enables the experimental study of both (2 + 1)D Z2 lattice gauge theories coupled to dynamical matter (Z2 mLGTs) and quantum dimer models on the honeycomb lattice, for which we derive effective Hamiltonians. We discuss ground-state phase diagrams of the experimentally relevant effective Z2 mLGT for U (1) and quantum-Z2 matter featuring deconfined phases. Further, we present realistic experimental probes and show signatures of disorder-free localization as well as the Schwinger effect in (2 + 1)D using small-scale exact diagonalization studies. Our proposed scheme allows to experimentally study not only longstanding goals of theoretical physics, such as Fradkin and Shenker's [1] conjectured phase diagram, but also go beyond regimes accessible with current numerical techniques.

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“…In the near future, when our system size is enlarged several times, it will be beyond the capability of exact diagonalization. The experimental control and detection capability developed in this work can be used to study other interesting dynamical phenomena in this system, such as string breaking [37,38], dynamical transition between quantum phases [39,40], the false vacuum decay, and the confinement-deconfinement transition [16,36,41]. The current scheme of implementing the LGT can also be extended to higher dimensions [42].…”

Section: One Potential Advantage Of Quantum Simulation For Studyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interrelated Thermalization and Quantum Criticality in a Lattice Gauge Simulator

Wang¹,

Zhang²,

Yao³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Gauge theory and thermalization are both foundations of physics and nowadays are both topics of essential importance for modern quantum science and technology [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Simulating lattice gauge theories (LGTs) realized recently with ultracold atoms provides a unique opportunity for carrying out a correlated study of gauge theory and thermalization in the same setting [11,12]. Theoretical studies have shown that an Ising quantum phase transition exists in this implemented LGT [13][14][15][16][17], and quantum thermalization can also signal this phase transition [17]. Nevertheless, it remains an experimental challenge to accurately determine the critical point and controllably explore the thermalization dynamics in the quantum critical regime due to the lack of techniques for locally manipulating and detecting matter and gauge fields. Here, we report an experimental investigation of the quantum criticality in the LGT from both equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermalization perspectives by equipping the single-site addressing and atom-number-resolved detection into our LGT simulator. We accurately determine the quantum critical point agreed with the predicted value [13][14][15]. We prepare a |Z2 state deterministically and study its thermalization dynamics across the critical point, leading to the observation that this |Z2 state thermalizes only in the critical regime [17]. This result manifests the interplay between quantum many-body scars, quantum criticality, and symmetry breaking.

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Tuning the Topological $θ$-Angle in Cold-Atom Quantum Simulators of Gauge Theories

Cited by 5 publications

References 79 publications

Functional building blocks for scalable multipartite entanglement in optical lattices

Functional building blocks for scalable multipartite entanglement in optical lattices

Quantum simulation of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theories with dynamical matter from two-body interactions in $(2+1)$D

Interrelated Thermalization and Quantum Criticality in a Lattice Gauge Simulator

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