Tuning triboelectric and energy harvesting properties of dielectric elastomers <i>via</i> dynamic ionic crosslinks

Hu, Xiao; Zhang, Runan; Wemyss, Alan M.; Elbanna, Mohamed A.; Heeley, Ellen L.; Arafa, Mustafa; Bowen, Chris; Wang, Shifeng; Geng, Xueyu; Wan, Chaoying

doi:10.1039/d2ma00124a

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The peak observed at 719 cm −1 , which represents the C−Br stretching vibration in raw BIIR, 32 was absent in both the iBIIR and CNT-CCB/iBIIR composites, suggesting that the Br in the BIIR macromolecules was replaced by the imidazole ring following the reaction with alkylimidazoles. Concurrently, the enlarged FTIR spectra in Figure 3b showed a new weak peak at 1264 cm −1 (attributed to the out-ofplane bending of C−N on the imidazole ring) for both the iBIIR and CNT-CCB/iBIIR composites, 33 indicating the successful introduction of the imidazole ring. In the XRD pattern shown in Figure 3c, the diffraction peak at approximately 2θ = 20°c orresponded to the amorphous structure of the iBIIR macromolecules.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Anisotropic Elastomer Ionomer Composite-Based Strain Sensors: Achieving High Sensitivity and Wide Detection for Human Motion Detection and Wireless Transmission

Dai,

Liu,

Yin

et al. 2024

ACS Sens.

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Anisotropic strain sensors capable of multidirectional sensing are crucial for advanced sensor applications in human motion detection. However, current anisotropic sensors encounter challenges in achieving a balance among high sensitivity, substantial stretchability, and a wide linear detection range. To address these challenges, a facile freeze-casting strategy was employed to construct oriented filler networks composed of carbon nanotubes and conductive carbon black within a brominated butyl rubber ionomer (iBIIR) matrix. The resulting anisotropic sensor based on the iBIIR composites exhibited distinct gauge factors (GF) in the parallel and vertical directions (GF ∥ = 4.91, while GF ⊥ = 2.24) and a broad linear detection range over a strain range of 190%. This feature enables the sensor to detect various human activities, including uniaxial pulse, finder bending, elbow bending, and cervical spine movements. Moreover, the ion-cross-linking network within the iBIIR, coupled with strong π-cation interactions between the fillers and iBIIR macromolecules, imparted high strength (12.3 MPa, nearly twice that of pure iBIIR) and an ultrahigh elongation at break (>1800%) to the composites. Furthermore, the sensor exhibited exceptional antibacterial effectiveness, surpassing 99% against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, the sensor was capable of wireless sensing. It is anticipated that anisotropic sensors will have extensive application prospects in flexible wearable devices.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Anisotropic Elastomer Ionomer Composite-Based Strain Sensors: Achieving High Sensitivity and Wide Detection for Human Motion Detection and Wireless Transmission

Dai,

Liu,

Yin

et al. 2024

ACS Sens.

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“…Therefore, the introduction of ionized DMAP does not affect the molecular stacking state of the BIIR matrix. On the SAXS curves of DMAPI, the extremely distinct crystallization peaks at 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 nm –1 belong to the stearate on BIIR (Figure c), but they almost disappear on that of BPI (Figure S5). This phenomenon suggests that the stronger ionic interaction in DMAPI suppresses the dissolution of stearate in the matrix, which facilitates the crystallization of stearate .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically Robust and Healable Bromobutyl Rubber Ionomer via Designing the Resonance Isomerization Effect

Hui

Zhang

et al. 2023

Macromolecules

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Integrating mechanical robustness with efficient healability under mild conditions is an inevitable requirement for the commercial development of self-healing ionomers. This work reveals that the resonance isomerization effect can be adopted to construct vigorous ionic networks in ionomers. As a proof of concept, 4-(alkylamino) pyridine (DMAP) and its derivatives are selected to react with bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) to fabricate BIIR ionomers. The ionized DMAP moieties manifest a resonance isomerization effect, leading to stronger ionic interactions, larger regular ionic aggregations, and more obvious microphase separation. Benefiting from the resonance isomerization effect, the BIIR ionomers in our work possess superior tensile strength (21 MPa) and toughness (92 MJ/m3), exceeding those of the existing BIIR-based materials. Moreover, the plasticizing effect of the alkyl substituent group on the DMAP-based derivatives can be further used to tailor the ionic cluster relaxation, thereby overcoming the compromise between mechanical performance and self-healing ability. Despite the dynamic network, the self-healing BIIR ionomers show a high gas barrier property which is very close to that of covalently crosslinked BIIR, enabling their potential to be used in next-generation repairable automobile tires. This work will expand the toolbox of ionic bond chemistry and afford an effective molecular design approach for optimizing mechanical and self-healing properties simultaneously.

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“…The BIIR ionomer also exhibits actuation and energy-harvesting properties. 87 4.4. Halobutyl Ionomer Nanocomposites.…”

Section: Properties Of Halobutyl Ionomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the incorporation of ionic moieties that act as physical cross-links results in good damping properties as well as high mechanical strength. The BIIR ionomer also exhibits actuation and energy-harvesting properties …”

Section: Modification Of Halobutyl Rubbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview on Post-Polymerization Functionalization of Butyl Rubber and Properties

Behera

Kumar

Mohanty

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Butyl and halobutyl rubber (IIR and HIIR) is an important class of polymeric materials with great potential applications in diverse areas like manufacturing of tires, tubes, adhesives, sealants, pharmaceutical closure, flexible electronics, etc. The IIR and HIIR having exceptional air impermeability, superior oxidative stability, high chemical stability, and better damping properties are attracting significant research attention in improving these products to explore new applications. These properties of IIR and HIIR can be tailored by the introduction of functional moieties via a copolymerization or postpolymerization modification process. The highly sensitive cationic polymerization process can restrict the functionalization with most of the monomers via the copolymerization method. Hence the functionalization of IIR and HIIR can only be carried out using postpolymerization modification methods and those play a crucial role in tailoring the properties of IIR and HIIR. This review summarizes the development of new classes of functionalized IIR and HIIR via the postpolymerization modification method. The improved properties and new applications of the modified IIR and HIIR have been discussed.

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Tuning triboelectric and energy harvesting properties of dielectric elastomers via dynamic ionic crosslinks

Abstract: The bromination of poly (isobutylene-co-isoprene) rubber introduces a small amount of bromide groups (1~2 mol%) to the elastomer backbone and creates new opportunities for functionalisation, as compared to other saturated...

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Anisotropic Elastomer Ionomer Composite-Based Strain Sensors: Achieving High Sensitivity and Wide Detection for Human Motion Detection and Wireless Transmission

Anisotropic Elastomer Ionomer Composite-Based Strain Sensors: Achieving High Sensitivity and Wide Detection for Human Motion Detection and Wireless Transmission

Mechanically Robust and Healable Bromobutyl Rubber Ionomer via Designing the Resonance Isomerization Effect

Overview on Post-Polymerization Functionalization of Butyl Rubber and Properties

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