Tunisian Nephroprotective Plants: A Review

Abstract

In Tunisian folk medicine, several herbs are prescribed for reducing renal damage and to avoid kidney related complications. These can be of immense value in combating renal damage. In this review, we provide a description of the current literature on the use of indigenous herbs as alternative medicine for treating renal damage. The aim of this review was to collect information on promising active phytoconstituents such as organosulfur compounds, polyphenols, terpenes, alkaloids phenylpropanoids, and polysaccharides from Tunisian plants that have been scientifically examined for their nephroprotective capacities. Twenty-nine Tunisian medicinal plants have been reported for their significant nephroprotective activities against renal toxicities in animal models. Lamiaceae was the most commonly used Tunisian plant family used for renal protection. The leaves were maximally used for nephroprotection compared to the other plant parts. Nephrotoxicity is commonly the result of several nephrotoxins. Many studies have focussed on drug-caused renal failure which is one of the major problems in medical practice. Other studies focused on other important nephrotoxicity factors, including drugs and industrial chemicals. This literature review highlights the use of some medicinal plants as nephroprotective agents. To defend against this nephrotoxicity, some medicinal plants, known as nephroprotective agents, have been highlighted in this review.

Natural Compounds of Salvia L. Genus and Molecular Mechanism of Their Biological Activity

“…The nephroprotective effect of EO from the aerial parts of S. officinalis seems to be related to a high content of β-caryophyllene, limonene, carvacrol, caryophyllene, borneol, α-pinene, and α-thujene. The administration of EO from this species significantly restored biochemical markers and pathological lesions on renal nephrotoxicity induced by vanadium in rats [183,184]. Hosivandi et al studied the protective effects of S. macrosiphon methanolic extract on renal ischemia reperfusion, which was shown to significantly reduce the level of urea and creatinine [185].…”

Potensi Tanaman Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) sebagai Nefroprotektor

“…Nefroprotektif didefinisikan sebagai suatu perlindungan terhadap ginjal oleh suatu senyawa [28]. Wanner & Tounsi (2023) menyatakan bahwa senyawa yang bersifat nefroprotektif adalah senyawa dengan fungsi protektif dan kuratif terhadap nefrotoksisitas atau bertindak sebagai nefroprotektor [3]. Ekstrak dari berbagai bagian tanaman pepaya mengandung banyak senyawa kimia yang mendukung aktivitas farmakologisnya sebagai nefroprotektor.…”

“…Dalam menjalankan fungsinya, ginjal menyerap kembali zat-zat yang diperlukan tubuh dan membuang sisa metabolisme berupa zat-zat toksik dan substansi asing, seperti pestisida dan obat-obatan. Dengan demikian, ginjal berisiko tinggi terkena paparan radikal bebas dan memperoleh dampak negatif dari zat-zat tersebut yang dapat menyebabkan timbulnya perubahan struktur dan fungsi ginjal yang berdampak pada kerusakan jaringan ginjal [3]. Kerusakan pada ginjal disebabkan oleh agen nefrotoksik, seperti logam berat (timbal, arsen, dan merkuri), pelarut kimia (toluen dan karbon tetraklorida), obat anti-inflamasi nonsteroid (paracetamol), reagen kimia (etilen glikol, dietilen glikol, karbon tetraklorida, dan sodium oksalat), obat antikanker (cisplatin dan carboplatin), serta antibiotik (gentamisin dan streptozosin) [2], [3].…”

“…Dengan demikian, ginjal berisiko tinggi terkena paparan radikal bebas dan memperoleh dampak negatif dari zat-zat tersebut yang dapat menyebabkan timbulnya perubahan struktur dan fungsi ginjal yang berdampak pada kerusakan jaringan ginjal [3]. Kerusakan pada ginjal disebabkan oleh agen nefrotoksik, seperti logam berat (timbal, arsen, dan merkuri), pelarut kimia (toluen dan karbon tetraklorida), obat anti-inflamasi nonsteroid (paracetamol), reagen kimia (etilen glikol, dietilen glikol, karbon tetraklorida, dan sodium oksalat), obat antikanker (cisplatin dan carboplatin), serta antibiotik (gentamisin dan streptozosin) [2], [3]. Fungsi ginjal secara keseluruhan didasarkan oleh fungsi nefron dan gangguan fungsinya disebabkan oleh menurunnya kerja nefron [4].…”