Tunnelling measured in a very slow ion–molecule reaction

Wild, R. J.; Nötzold, Markus; Simpson, Malcolm; Tran, Thuy Dung; Wester, Roland

doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05727-z

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Consistently, we have verified here that the brain phenomenology is not properly described within BG statistics (i.e., q=1).This is by no means surprising since BG statistics generically disregards inter-component long-range correlations and their collective behavior, which is well known in neural systems [1]. In contrast, plethoric evidence exists that q-statistics satisfactorily models vast classes of complex systems [11] even involving c q = 0, from basic chemical reactions through quantum tunneling [17] to financial market behavior [18], COVID-19 spreading [19], commercial air traffic networks [20] (see [22,23,24,25,26] for illustrations with c q = 0). We are led to believe that we are dealing with universality classes of complexity, thus revealing, in what concerns information processing and energy dynamics, far more integrative networks than one might a priori expect from neural structures [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Neural complexity -- Statistical-mechanical approach of human electroencephalograms

Abramov¹,

Tsallis²,

Lima³

2023

Preprint

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The brain is a complex system whose understanding enables potentially deeper approaches to mental phenomena. Dynamics of wide classes of complex systems have been satisfactorily described within q-statistics, a current generalization of Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistics. Here, we study human electroencephalograms of typical human adults (EEG), very specifically their inter-occurrence times across an arbitrarily chosen threshold of the signal (observed, for instance, at the midparietal location in scalp). The distributions of these inter-occurrence times differ from those usually emerging within BG statistical mechanics. They are instead well approached within the q-statistical theory, based on non-additive entropies characterized by the index q. The present method points towards a suitable tool for quantitatively accessing brain complexity, thus potentially opening useful studies of the properties of both typical and altered brain physiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Neural complexity -- Statistical-mechanical approach of human electroencephalograms

Abramov¹,

Tsallis²,

Lima³

2023

Preprint

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“…This is the case not only with regards to the micro-canonical scenarios but also within more general contexts. In particular, most of the empirical evidence for the

-thermostatistics rests on the experimental observation of q -distributions [ 17 , 19 ]. This situation is not surprising since the distributions that describe a system are more amenable of experimental or observational investigation than an entropic functional.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the Tsallis proposal, the canonical probability distributions arise from the optimization of the

non-additive entropies [ 2 ]. The

-based thermostatistics has been applied successfully to diverse fields, including physics, astronomy, and biology, among various others [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Of all the thermo-statistics derived from generalized entropic forms, the thermo-statistics associated with the

entropies has been the one that attracted more attention and the one that generated the largest and most diverse set of fruitful applications.…”

Section: Probability Distributions Optimizing the Non-add...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Review on the Connection between the Micro-Canonical Ensemble and the Sq-Canonical Probability Distribution

Plastino

2023

Entropy

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Non-standard thermostatistical formalisms derived from generalizations of the Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy have attracted considerable attention recently. Among the various proposals, the one that has been most intensively studied, and most successfully applied to concrete problems in physics and other areas, is the one associated with the Sq non-additive entropies. The Sq-based thermostatistics exhibits a number of peculiar features that distinguish it from other generalizations of the Boltzmann–Gibbs theory. In particular, there is a close connection between the Sq-canonical distributions and the micro-canonical ensemble. The connection, first pointed out in 1994, has been subsequently explored by several researchers, who elaborated this facet of the Sq-thermo-statistics in a number of interesting directions. In the present work, we provide a brief review of some highlights within this line of inquiry, focusing on micro-canonical scenarios leading to Sq-canonical distributions. We consider works on the micro-canonical ensemble, including historical ones, where the Sq-canonical distributions, although present, were not identified as such, and also more resent works by researchers who explicitly investigated the Sq-micro-canonical connection.

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“…Studying chemistry in cold environments gives insight into reaction dynamics on a fundamental level. By lowering the collision energy, quantum effects become increasingly more influential. , For example, below 20 K, fundamental quantum processes, such as proton tunneling in the reaction D – + H 2 , can be observed . Lowering the collision temperature even further (<1 mK) allows access to a regime where quantum mechanics becomes the driving force in interactions and the wave-like nature of matter becomes apparent by resonant scattering processes. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Body Collisions Driving the Ion–Molecule Reaction C₂^– + H₂ at Low Temperatures

et al. 2023

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We report on the three-body reaction rate of C2 – with H2 producing C2H– studied in a cryogenic 16-pole radio frequency ion trap. The reaction was measured in the temperature range from 10 to 28 K, where it was found to only take place via three-body collisions. The experimentally determined termolecular rate coefficient follows the form of a · ( T / T 0 ) b with T 0 = 20 K, where a = 8.2(3) × 10–30 cm6/s and b = −0.82(12) denotes the temperature dependence. We additionally performed accurate ab initio calculations of the forces between the interacting partners and carried out variational transition state theory calculations, including tunneling through the barrier along the minimum energy path. We show that, while a simple classical model can generally predict the temperature dependence, the variational transition state theoretical calculations, including accurate quantum interactions, can explain the dominance of three-body effects in the molecular reaction mechanism and can reproduce the experimentally determined reaction coefficients, linking them to a temperature-dependent coupling parameter for energy dissipation within the transition complex.

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Tunnelling measured in a very slow ion–molecule reaction

Cited by 28 publications

References 39 publications

Neural complexity -- Statistical-mechanical approach of human electroencephalograms

Neural complexity -- Statistical-mechanical approach of human electroencephalograms

Brief Review on the Connection between the Micro-Canonical Ensemble and the Sq-Canonical Probability Distribution

Three-Body Collisions Driving the Ion–Molecule Reaction C₂^– + H₂ at Low Temperatures

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Tunnelling measured in a very slow ion–molecule reaction

Cited by 28 publications

References 39 publications

Neural complexity -- Statistical-mechanical approach of human electroencephalograms

Neural complexity -- Statistical-mechanical approach of human electroencephalograms

Brief Review on the Connection between the Micro-Canonical Ensemble and the Sq-Canonical Probability Distribution

Three-Body Collisions Driving the Ion–Molecule Reaction C2– + H2 at Low Temperatures

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Three-Body Collisions Driving the Ion–Molecule Reaction C₂^– + H₂ at Low Temperatures