Turbulence and feeding behaviour affect the vertical distributions of Oithona similis and Microsetella norwegica

Maar, Marie; Visser, André W.; Nielsen, Torkel Gissel; Adolf, Stips; Saito, Hiroaki

doi:10.3354/meps313157

Cited by 36 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, despite an abundance of laboratory studies showing a strong effect of turbulence when compared to still water (Fig. , Saiz and Kiørboe ; MacKenzie and Kiørboe ; Saiz et al ; Adamík et al ), few studies have measured the effects of turbulence in the field (Saito and Kiørboe ; Visser et al ; Reiss et al ; Maar et al ) and none of these were able to identify a strong effect of turbulence on feeding rates, regardless of feeding strategy. A likely explanation is that predators (and prey) are highly sensitive and responsive to turbulence and that, in most cases, the spatial heterogeneity of turbulence in nature provides areas of refuge from turbulence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A likely explanation is that predators (and prey) are highly sensitive and responsive to turbulence and that, in most cases, the spatial heterogeneity of turbulence in nature provides areas of refuge from turbulence. The ability to respond and avoid turbulent layers in the water column has been well established for copepods (Lagadeuc et al ; Incze et al ; Reiss et al ; Maar et al ). Therefore, it might be reasonable to assume zooplankton predators are able to seek refuge from turbulent layers and feed normally at those refuge depths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resilience in moving water: Effects of turbulence on the predatory impact of the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi

Jaspers

Costello

Sutherland

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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Despite its delicate morphology, the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi thrives in coastal ecosystems as an influential zooplankton predator. Coastal ecosystems are often characterized as energetic systems with high levels of natural turbulence in the water column. To understand how natural wind-driven turbulence affects the feeding ecology of M. leidyi, we used a combination of approaches to quantify how naturally and laboratory generated turbulence affects the behavior, feeding processes and feeding impact of M. leidyi. Experiments using laboratory generated turbulence demonstrated that turbulence can reduce M. leidyi feeding rates on copepods and Artemia nauplii by > 50%. However, detailed feeding data from the field, collected during highly variable surface conditions, showed that wind-driven turbulence did not affect the feeding rates or prey selection of M. leidyi. Additional laboratory experiments and field observations suggest that the feeding process of M. leidyi is resilient to wind-driven turbulence because M. leidyi shows a behavioral response to turbulence by moving deeper in the water column. Seeking refuge in deeper waters enables M. leidyi to maintain high feeding rates even under high turbulence conditions generated by wind driven mixing. As a result, M. leidyi exerted a consistently high predatory impact on prey populations during highly variable and often energetic wind-driven mixing conditions. This resilience adds to our understanding of how M. leidyi can thrive in a wide spectrum of environments around the world. The limits to this resilience also set boundaries to its range expansion into novel areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience in moving water: Effects of turbulence on the predatory impact of the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi

Jaspers

Costello

Sutherland

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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show abstract

“…In addition to influencing contact rates, small‐scale turbulence may elicit escape behaviors evolved to avoid predators, which may also affect foraging ability (Fields and Yen 1997). Turbulence avoidance behaviors have been observed on larger scales through downward shifts in the vertical distributions of copepods in response to turbulent field conditions (Incze et al 2001; Maar et al 2006). This effect further complicates interpretation of field observations and the relationship between turbulence and plankton ingestion rates (Franks 2001).…”

Section: Microscalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since these effects occur disproportionately for organisms of different size, shape, and taxonomic group, microscale processes can lead to large‐scale and long‐term patterns in plankton community composition, and interact with background conditions to influence plankton evolution (Margalef 1997). Whereas some plankton have evolved to take advantage of turbulence to enhance growth, other plankters have evolved escape behaviors in the presence of turbulence (Fields and Yen 1997; Maar et al 2006), which may lead to different survival rates among species depending on background conditions. Plankton have also evolved sensory structures tuned to detect and respond to hydrodynamic signals produced by mates and prey in addition to predators (Jakobsen 2001; Kiørboe et al 1999).…”

Section: Cross‐scale Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biophysical interactions in the plankton: A cross‐scale review

Prairie

Sutherland

Nickols

et al. 2012

Limn Fluids and Environments

146

105

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In plankton ecology, biological and physical dynamics are coupled, structuring how plankton interact with their environment and other organisms. This interdisciplinary field has progressed considerably over the recent past, due in large part to advances in technology that have improved our ability to observe plankton and their fluid environment simultaneously across multiple scales. Recent research has demonstrated that fluid flow interacting with plankton behavior can drive many planktonic processes and spatial patterns. Moreover, evidence now suggests that plankton behavior can significantly affect ocean physics. Biophysical processes relevant to plankton ecology span a range of scales; for example, microscale turbulence influences planktonic growth and grazing at millimeter scales, whereas features such as fronts and eddies can shape larger-scale plankton distributions. Most research in this field focuses on specific processes and thus is limited to a narrow range of spatial scales. However, biophysical interactions are intimately connected across scales, since processes at a given scale can have implications at much larger and smaller scales; thus, a cross-scale perspective on how biological and physical dynamics interact is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the field. Here, we present a review of biophysical interactions in the plankton across multiple scales, emphasizing new findings over recent decades and highlighting opportunities for cross-scale comparisons. By investigating feedbacks and interactions between processes at different scales, we aim to build cross-scale intuition about biophysical planktonic processes and provide insights for future directions in the field.

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“…, by descending to deeper depths (Maar et al 2006). It has been speculated that the avoidance of wind-driven surface turbulence by copepods may promote the retention of holoplankton in upwelling zones, and prevent advection away from other preferred habitats (Pringle 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swimming patterns of larval Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in turbulence in the laboratory

Roy¹,

Meta×as²,

Ross³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We exposed 4-arm plutei of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis to 2 levels of turbulent dissipation rates (ε: 9 × 10 −9 or 4 × 10 −7 W kg −1 ) in the laboratory, generated by using an oscillating metal grid. We compared direction of displacement and vertical velocities of larvae in turbulence with those of larvae in no flow and of passive particles in turbulence, for 2 different larval populations and over 2 trials. In turbulence, larval and passive particle movements were measured using particle image velocimetry, whereas larvae in no flow were filmed and their movements tracked digitally. Larvae in no flow and low turbulence tended to move towards the water surface, and this behaviour became more pronounced over time, suggesting that larvae became habituated to the turbulent flow. In high turbulence, larvae were unable to swim towards the surface of the water column and were consequently transported in secondary flows like passive particles. These levels of turbulence are likely to be encountered by larvae in near-shore coastal embayments or the surface layer of the continental shelf and will affect larval dispersal away from, or towards, parental habitats.

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Turbulence and feeding behaviour affect the vertical distributions of Oithona similis and Microsetella norwegica

Cited by 36 publications

References 43 publications

Resilience in moving water: Effects of turbulence on the predatory impact of the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi

Resilience in moving water: Effects of turbulence on the predatory impact of the lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi

Biophysical interactions in the plankton: A cross‐scale review

Swimming patterns of larval Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis in turbulence in the laboratory

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