Turbulent combustion of gases

Effects of mixture composition and turbulence intensity on flame front structure and burning velocities of premixed turbulent hydrocarbon/air Bunsen flames

“…This observation is called the "bending" phenomenon [7]. Similar trends were previously reported in the literature, see, for example, Sokolik et al [8], Karpov and Severin [9], Bradley [10], Duclos et al [11], Aldredge et al [12], Peters [13], Shy et al [14], Kido et al [15], Kobayashi [16], Filatyev et al [3], and Fairweather et al [17]. This phenomenon may be attributed to the flamelets merging along with the gas expansion [3].…”

Flammability limits: A review with emphasis on ethanol for aeronautical applications and description of the experimental procedure

“…The effect disappears at higher velocities, at which no flame is observed [47]. Sokolik et al [48] showed that for each mixture there is a certain maximum turbulence level for turbulent flame front propagation velocity. A further increase in turbulence causes a drop in flame velocity and finally the flame goes out.…”

Turbulence and Turbulent Combustion in Spark-Ignition Engines

“…Turbulent entrainment theory for a plane jet yields the relationship b = 4aX (28) for the jet width, b, where a is the entrainment parameter (generally a % 0.1) and X the distance from the orifice. Although the experimental results indicate that during intake the integral scale is of the order of the maximum intake valve lift, the lift is not the governing variable for the width of the intake jet.…”