Turcicum Leaf Blight: A Ubiquitous Foliar Disease of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Jakhar, Dan Singh; Singh, Rajesh; Singh, Saket Kumar Pargat; Ojha, Vivek

doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2017.603.097

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Yield loss is caused predominantly through loss of photosynthetic leaf area due to blighting (De Vries and Toenniessen, 2001). Loss of photosynthetic tissue can result in decreased yield, and silage quality can be affected (Jakhar et al, 2017).…”

Section: Intensity Of Tlb At Different Growth Stages Of Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) on maize (Zea mays) in major highland and mid-altitudes of maize growing agro-ecologies of Western part of Oromia, Ethiopia

Aliyi¹,

Chala²,

Bacha³

2018

Afr. J. Plant Sci.

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Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) (TLB) is a major disease affecting maize (Zea mays) in western Ethiopia. This study was designed to: assess the incidence and severity of TLB in major highland and mid-altitudes of maize growing agro-ecologies of Western Oromia, map the geographical distribution of the TLB disease in the study area, and evaluate the reaction of maize varieties under production to TLB. From each representative zone, 2 -12 districts were surveyed based on production of maize and 8 -73 fields each averaging 1 ha at the interval of 5 -10 km were assessed per zone. Such fields were randomly selected on both sides of the road. Each sampling point was marked with the global positioning system (GPS) using GPS receiver for altitude and co-ordinates. In each field, 9 m² areas were marked out in three randomly selected points in a diagonal form using meter tap. Ten stands of maize plant in the middle of each marked area were randomly selected and assessed for incidence and severity. Survey was conducted on 172 farmers' fields in 29 districts and five zones of major maize growing agro ecologies in western Oromia region of Ethiopia. Survey results revealed the prevalence of TLB across all the districts albeit at different levels. Mean TLB incidence ranged from 16.3% in Abay chomen to 96.67% in Wayu Tuka and mean percent severity index varied between 3.1% in Abay chomen and 57.5% in Lalo Assoabi district. The overall mean incidence and PSI were high (up to 74.1 and 34.7%, respectively) during the grain filling stage of maize compared to tasseling and silking stage of the crop. Most of maize varieties under production were found to be affected by TLB, while fertilizer application reduced the intensity of disease. Successive survey for TLB in all the maize producing areas across the country should be carried out to have a complete picture on the importance of the disease across geographic regions and agro ecologies, to identify sources of resistant genotypes and the pathotypes/available in Ethiopia, and to associate weather variables with the development of TLB.

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Section: Intensity Of Tlb At Different Growth Stages Of Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) on maize (Zea mays) in major highland and mid-altitudes of maize growing agro-ecologies of Western part of Oromia, Ethiopia

Aliyi¹,

Chala²,

Bacha³

2018

Afr. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) is a major foliar disease of maize in most production areas worldwide (Jakhar et al, 2017). It is a fungal disease caused by Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Turcicum Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum) of Maize (Zea mays) through Evaluation of Maize Varieties and Fungicide Spray Frequencies at Ambo, Ethiopia

Aliyi¹,

Chala²,

Bacha³

2018

Int.J.Curr.Res.Aca.Rev.

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Article InfoTurcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum), TLB, is a major disease affecting maize (Zea mays) in western Ethiopia. The aims of this study wereto: evaluate maize varieties and propiconazole spray frequencies on epidemics of TLB, determine optimum propiconazole (tilt 250 EC) spray frequency for integrated management of TLB, and assess the cost/benefit of using propiconazole for each spray frequency against TLB. The effects of maize varieties, fungicide frequencies and their interactions on TLB development were assessed in a field experiment during the 2017 main growing season at Ambo Plant Protection Research Centre (APPRC). The experiment involved three maize varieties(AMHQ-760,Wonchi and Jibat) and three fungicide (Tilt, propiconazole) frequencies arranged in a factorial setting in randomized complete block design with three replications. One unsprayed check for each hybrid varieties was included. TLB was initiated following artificial inoculation. Data were recorded on disease incidence and severity. Six time severity scores were used to calculate area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and infection rate. Grain yield and yield components weremeasured after harvest. Finally correlation and economic analyses were carried out. Disease parameters varied markedly acrosstreatments, especially variety-fungicide combinations had a highly significant variation (p<0.01) in disease parameters. The highest terminal percent severity index (PSI) (86.7%), AUDPC value (2614.4 %-day) and disease progress rate (0.09339 units-day -1 ) were recorded on unsprayed variety AMHQ-760. On the other hand, the same variety had significantly lower disease level and gave the highest grain yield (9.424 t ha -1 ) when it was treated thrice with propiconazole. TLB resulted in grain yield losses of up to 62.4% on AMHQ-760. PSI, AUDPC, incidence and disease progress rate were negatively correlated with yield and yield components. The highest marginal benefit (ETB 63,089 ha -1 ), and marginal rate of return (ETB 14.53) were obtained from variety AMHQ-760 with thrice application of propiconazole. Based on current results, thrice propiconazoles pray were found effective to manage TLB even on susceptible maize variety. However, additional experiments should be carried out to verify the current results.

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“…Nowadays, SLB is considered to be the most important and wide spread corn leaf disease around the world and it is prevalent in warm humid temperate to tropical regions, where temperatures ranges from 20-30 °C during cropping period (Singh & Srivastava, 2012). NLB is reported to be severe under moderate (15-25 °C) and dew heavy (Levy & Cohen, 1983), with crop losses exceeding 50% if NLB becomes severe prior to flowering (Raymundo & Hooker, 1981;Tefferi et al, 1996). Different strategies, including cultural practices, genetic resistance and fungicide application can be employed in SLB and NLB management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Activity in Essential Oil-Treated and Pathogen-Inoculated Corn Plants

Veloso¹,

Ferreira²,

Debona³

et al. 2018

JAS

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Bipolaris maydis and Exserohilum turcicum are important fungal pathogens that cause leaf blight in corn whose control have been difficult. Essential oils are a promising and environmentally friendly alternative for disease management, but the mechanisms of action remain poorly studied. Here, we aimed to assess the effect of B. maydis and E. turcicum as well as the essential oil of Morinda citrifolia in the activity of plant defense enzymes in corn plants. Experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications and six treatments as they follow: (T1): corn plants inoculated with B. maydis; (T2): corn plants inoculated with E. turcicum; (T3): corn plants treated with essential oil of M. citrifolia (0.25%) and inoculated with B. maydis; (T4): corn plants treated with essential oil of M. citrifolia (0.25%) and inoculated with E. turcicum; (T5): corn plants treated with essential oil of M. citrifolia (0.25%); and (T6): corn plants non-inoculated and treated with distilled water. Protein content (PC) and activities of the enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, chitinase (CHI), peroxidase (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed. PC was significantly decreased, whereas CHI and SOD activity was higher in T1-T5 compared to T6. T4 and T5 significantly increased POX activity relative to T6. Therefore, our findings suggest that the essential oil of M. citrifolia may play an active role in disease control by activating defense enzymes in corn plants.

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Turcicum Leaf Blight: A Ubiquitous Foliar Disease of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Survey of Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) on maize (Zea mays) in major highland and mid-altitudes of maize growing agro-ecologies of Western part of Oromia, Ethiopia

Survey of Turcicum leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum) on maize (Zea mays) in major highland and mid-altitudes of maize growing agro-ecologies of Western part of Oromia, Ethiopia

Management of Turcicum Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum) of Maize (Zea mays) through Evaluation of Maize Varieties and Fungicide Spray Frequencies at Ambo, Ethiopia

Enzymatic Activity in Essential Oil-Treated and Pathogen-Inoculated Corn Plants

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