Turgor‐time controls grass leaf elongation rate and duration under drought stress

Coussement, Jonas R; Villers, Selwyn L Y; Nelissen, Hilde; Inzé, Dirk; Steppe, Kathy

doi:10.1111/pce.13989

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Given that irreversible extension is not a linear function of turgor pressure, it may have to exceed a minimum value before irreversible expansion occurs (Lockhart, 1965), which makes it difficult to establish a zero growth threshold for different plant organs (G enard et al, 2001) and species (Mitchell et al, 2014). In this work, we prove the utility of the turgor threshold of 0.9 MPa (G enard et al, 2001) in growth studies because it allowed us to calculate the cumulative sum of turgor time enabling growth and compare normalized growth expression of two different treatments of water availability, as has been done in a very recent work (Coussement et al, 2021). This threshold, together with typical olive osmotic values (Table S1), resulted in a leaf water potential of À1.5 MPa for WW, which was very similar to the result published (À1.4 MPa) by Mitchell et al (2014) and only a little bit more negative than the value for which turgor and fruit growth decreased more markedly (Figure 5).…”

Section: Turgor Time As Key Variable To Limit Fruit Growth Especially In Periods Of Low Cell Division Activitysupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Thus, we calculated how many hours per day the P value of the leaves is above the threshold (P hours ) and compared this value to fruit growth, with a similar approach to Coussement et al. (2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several wall-yielding threshold pressures have been reported for various tissues; however, we used 0.9 MPa as our growth threshold following G enard et al (2001). Thus, we calculated how many hours per day the P value of the leaves is above the threshold (P hours ) and compared this value to fruit growth, with a similar approach to Coussement et al (2021).…”

Section: Leaf Turgor Pressure-related Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disentangling the link between leaf photosynthesis and turgor in fruit growth

et al. 2021

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Despite the importance of understanding plant growth, the mechanisms underlying how plant and fruit growth declines during drought remain poorly understood. Specifically, it remains unresolved whether carbon or water factors are responsible for limiting growth as drought progresses. We examine questions regarding the relative importance of water and carbon to fruit growth depending on the water deficit level and the fruit growth stage by measuring fruit diameter, leaf photosynthesis, and a proxy of cell turgor in olive (Olea europaea). Flow cytometry was also applied to determine the fruit cell division stage. We found that photosynthesis and turgor were related to fruit growth; specifically, the relative importance of photosynthesis was higher during periods of more intense cell division, while turgor had higher relative importance in periods where cell division comes close to ceasing and fruit growth is dependent mainly on cell expansion. This pattern was found regardless of the water deficit level, although turgor and growth ceased at more similar values of leaf water potential than photosynthesis. Cell division occurred even when fruit growth seemed to stop under water deficit conditions, which likely helped fruits to grow disproportionately when trees were hydrated again, compensating for periods with low turgor. As a result, the final fruit size was not severely penalized. We conclude that carbon and water processes are able to explain fruit growth, with importance placed on the combination of cell division and expansion. However, the major limitation to growth is turgor, which adds evidence to the sink limitation hypothesis.

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Section: Turgor Time As Key Variable To Limit Fruit Growth Especially In Periods Of Low Cell Division Activitysupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leaf Turgor Pressure-related Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disentangling the link between leaf photosynthesis and turgor in fruit growth

et al. 2021

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“…Even in models accounting for leaf expansion per se , this process is modelled very empirically (Jamieson et al ., 1998; Lizaso et al ., 2003), and no integrated model uses hydraulics as a driver of leaf expansion as formalised in Eqn 1. A future challenge for crop models may well be the integration of short‐term hydraulic‐driven formalisms into longer‐term responses, for example with turgor‐time (Coussement et al ., 2021). We also note that the coordination of growth between organs remains essentially unaddressed.…”

Section: The Why: the Importance Of Measuring Different Facets Of Plant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant growth: the What, the How, and the Why

et al. 2021

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Growth is a widely used term in plant science and ecology, but it can have different meanings depending on the context and the spatiotemporal scale of analysis. At the meristem level, growth is associated with the production of cells and initiation of new organs. At the organ or plant scale and over short time periods, growth is often used synonymously with tissue expansion, while over longer time periods the increase in biomass is a common metric. At even larger temporal and spatial scales, growth is mostly described as net primary production. Here, we first address the question 'what is growth?'. We propose a general framework to distinguish between the different facets of growth, and the corresponding physiological processes, environmental drivers and mathematical formalisms. Based on these different definitions, we then review how plant growth can be measured and analysed at different organisational, spatial and temporal scales. We conclude by discussing why gaining a better understanding of the different facets of plant growth is essential to disentangle genetic and environmental effects on the phenotype, and to uncover the causalities around source or sink limitations of plant growth.

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“…In the drought escape mechanism, the plant completes its life cycle before one set of droughts. In DT, plants maintain turgor pressure and activate several genes and enzymes (Figure 3) which protect plants from detrimental effects of DS (Coussement et al, 2021).…”

Section: Drought Tolerance Mechanism In Ramiementioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Drought Stress Tolerance in Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) Using Molecular Techniques

Rasheed

Jie²,

Nawaz³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Ramie is one of the most significant fiber crops and contributes to good quality fiber. Drought stress (DS) is one of the most devastating abiotic factors which is accountable for a substantial loss in crop growth and production and disturbing sustainable crop production. DS impairs growth, plant water relation, and nutrient uptake. Ramie has evolved a series of defense responses to cope with DS. There are numerous genes regulating the drought tolerance (DT) mechanism in ramie. The morphological and physiological mechanism of DT is well-studied; however, modified methods would be more effective. The use of novel genome editing tools like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is being used to edit the recessive genes in crops to modify their function. The transgenic approaches are used to develop several drought-tolerant varieties in ramie, and further identification of tolerant genes is needed for an effective breeding plan. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping, transcription factors (TFs) and speed breeding are highly studied techniques, and these would lead to the development of drought-resilient ramie cultivars. The use of hormones in enhancing crop growth and development under water scarcity circumstances is critical; however, using different concentrations and testing genotypes in changing environments would be helpful to sort the tolerant genotypes. Since plants use various ways to counter DS, investigating mechanisms of DT in plants will lead to improved DT in ramie. This critical review summarized the recent advancements on DT in ramie using novel molecular techniques. This information would help ramie breeders to conduct research studies and develop drought tolerant ramie cultivars.

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Turgor‐time controls grass leaf elongation rate and duration under drought stress

Cited by 15 publications

References 67 publications

Disentangling the link between leaf photosynthesis and turgor in fruit growth

Disentangling the link between leaf photosynthesis and turgor in fruit growth

Plant growth: the What, the How, and the Why

Improving Drought Stress Tolerance in Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) Using Molecular Techniques

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