“…There are also technology-assisted impromptu speech studies (Butler, 2017;Hung & Huang, 2016;Lohmander et al, 2021) and studies investigating university students' state of anxiety about speaking in public while addressing the language learning processes (Hunter et al, 2014;LeFebvre et al, 2018LeFebvre et al, , 2020Nash et al, 2016). Moreover, in addition to studies where impromptu speech skills are developed by applying certain techniques (Bulut et al, 2016;Kuru, 2017), there are studies where impromptu speech skills are measured and evaluated (Hansen, 2016;Iberri-Shea, 2017;Kiymaz & Doyumgac, 2020;LeFebvre et al, 2015;Schneider & Bodensohn, 2017;Schreiber et al, 2012;Yuceer, 2014).…”