Turkish Adaptation and Validation of the EMpowerment of PArents in THe Intensive Care (EMPATHIC-30) Questionnaire to Measure Parent Satisfaction in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

Abstract

The aim of this study was to translate and validate the shortened version of the "EMpowerment of PArents in THe Intensive Care" (EMPATHIC-30) questionnaire into Turkish to measure parent satisfaction in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Method: The study used a cross-sectional design. The data of the study were collected from parents with infants staying in the NICU of a training and research hospital in Sakarya, Turkey, between July 2018-2019 after obtaining ethical approval. Totally, 238 parents (234 mothers, four fathers) agreed to participate in the study and completed the questionnaire. Of these, 35 mothers were recruited 1 month later for the test-retest reliability analysis. The questionnaire was translated using back and forward translation. Reliability and validity test were performed to measure the psychometric properties of the Turkish EMPATHIC-30. Results: The mean age of the parents was 28.27 (SD 5.93), and 48.3% of them were primary school graduates. The infants: 55.9% were male, the mean gestational age was 36.89 (SD 3.25) weeks, and mean length of hospital stay was 9.36 (SD 10.17) days. The mean scores of each item with a six-point scale of the EMPATHIC-30 questionnaire ranged between 4.01 and 4.87. The Cronbach's alpha of the total questionnaire was 0.95. Cronbach's alpha of the five domains (Information, Care and Treatment, Organization, Parent Participation, and Professional Attitude) ranged between 0.80 and 0.92. Pearson correlation coefficient between the domains and total questionnaire was r = 0.988. The Intraclass correlation coefficient was ICC = 0.998 in the test-retest evaluation. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed for construct validity and was moderate; Comparative Fit Index = 0.792, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.770, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.0811, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.107. Tiryaki et al. Validation Turkish EMPATHIC-30 Questionnaire Conclusion: The Turkish version of EMPHATIC-30 has adequate psychometric properties. The EMPATHIC-30-Turkish questionnaire is an easy and appropriate instrument which can be used to measure satisfaction of Turkish parents with infants staying in the NICU.

Parents' Experience and Satisfaction in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Ethiopia: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study Using an Adapted Version of EMPATHIC-N

“…indices were not optimal but comparable with results from previous studies(29). Second-order CFA Factor loadings are available in the Supplementary…”

“…In this study setting, parental participation scored highest among all the five questionnaire domains, whereas the organization/hospital environment domain received the lowest scores for parent satisfaction. This was not highlighted in other study settings (2,8,29,30,32).…”

“…Most of the respondents were mothers. Such a high percentage of mothers compared to fathers was also revealed in the validation of EMPATHIC in Turkey (29) where-unlike other contexts where both parents were given the opportunity to respond together (2, 10, 11)-the couple was free to choose whether the mother or the father wished to answer. This may also because mothers are more present in hospitals and more involved in the care of newborns, especially in low-resource settings.…”

Validation of the Chinese Empowerment of Parents in the Intensive Care (EMPATHIC-30) Questionnaire Among Parents in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study

“…The reliability estimates were very good for most domains, and the validity outcomes showed a weak correlation with other satisfaction scales. We chose this questionnaire because the EMPATHIC-30 questionnaire has been validated and used in several other countries and in NICU settings ( 26 – 29 ). Having a Chinese version of the EMPATHIC-30 for NICU settings allows us to benchmark parents' satisfaction data with national and international colleagues.…”

Parents' Views of Family-Centered Care at a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit—A Qualitative Study

“…The EMPATHIC-30 was developed and psychometrically evaluated in the Dutch language and showed a satisfactory result, with Cronbach's Alpha varying between 0.73 and 0.83 for the domains and 0.93 for the total scale ( 22 ). The instrument has been translated into other languages with acceptable psychometric properties ( 23 , 24 ). Permission to translate and psychometrically evaluate the Empathic-30 was obtained from the original author (Latour J.).…”