Turkish‐Iranian Energy Cooperation and Conflict: The Regional Politics

Ünver, Hamid Akın

doi:10.1111/mepo.12200

“…Since the sanctions on Iran were lifted in 2016, trade and cooperation in oil and gas between the two countries have been strengthened. 39 They are pursuing the gas pipeline project again, originally agreed upon in 2008. Once completed, Iran will be able to export 35 bcm of natural gas to Europe on a yearly basis.…”

Section: Strengthening Cooperative Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Oil‐Market Strategies of Saudi Arabia and Iran

Shin

¹

,

Mahmudlu

²

2020

Middle East Policy

1

0

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“…Consequently, the early political will to further energy relations between Iran and Turkey failed to materialise, and they failed to finalise the initial agreements. 88 Turkey has been importing 90 percent of its oil needs. Having considerable oil reserves, Iran has emerged as a potential oil supplier to Turkey.…”

Section: Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Turkey-Iran Relations after the JDP

Sinkaya¹

2019

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After the JDP came to power in Turkey in 2002, much has changed in Turkish foreign policy as well as profound changes in international, regional and domestic contexts surrounding it. Particularly fluctuations in Turkish-Iranian relations in the course of seventeen years have been very puzzling, and complicated, which made it worthy of study. Once, relations between the two states have so improved that some pundits regarded it as an evidence of shift of axis in Turkish foreign policy. Soon later, Ankara and Tehran embroiled in a regional competition that reminded the Ottoman-Safavid rivalry of the 16th century with its strategic and sectarian implications. Later on, they have developed amicable relations. Against this background one may question how could we understand that very dynamic nature of Turkish-Iranian relations? Considering this complicated and dynamic picture, we should analyse decisive factors in the relations between Ankara and Tehran. In other words, what has changed -and has been changing -in Turkish-Iranian relations after the JDP? In order to comprehend the complicated and dynamic interactions between Ankara and Tehran, this research goes beyond the JDP period in Turkey and put forwards a review of the history of Turkish-Iranian relations. And then, it focuses on the JDP period and analyse relations between Ankara and Tehran from diplomatic, economic and regional perspectives. Finally, it makes some speculations on the future of Turkish-Iranian relations. It argues that the complicated relationship between the two countries have been determined by a configuration of geopolitical context, structural factors, and the ruling elite. The JDP elite have employed rationalization, institutionalization and compartmentalization strategies to further Turkish-Iranian relations. However, they could not go beyond the diplomatic culture that set the longer history of interactions between the two countries on a fine course between bitter rivalry and friendly relations.

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“…Whenever bilateral relations were tense, disagreements between the parties over pricing and some cuts in the flow of gas were presented by some media outlets as the Iranian utilisation of the 'energy weapon.' 80 Due to continuing disputes between the parties, the Turkish BOTAŞ went twice to international arbitration against Iran. In the first case, in response to BOTAŞ's file against the NIGC (the National Iranian Gas Company) dated 2004, the arbitration court awarded in 2009 an 18 percent decrease in the price of gas exported to Turkey and almost one billion US dollars as compensation for previous transactions.…”

Section: Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction

Sinkaya¹

2019

Turkey-Iran Relations After the JDP

0

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After the JDP came to power in Turkey in 2002, much has changed in Turkish foreign policy as well as profound changes in international, regional and domestic contexts surrounding it. Particularly fluctuations in Turkish-Iranian relations in the course of seventeen years have been very puzzling, and complicated, which made it worthy of study. Once, relations between the two states have so improved that some pundits regarded it as an evidence of shift of axis in Turkish foreign policy. Soon later, Ankara and Tehran embroiled in a regional competition that reminded the Ottoman-Safavid rivalry of the 16th century with its strategic and sectarian implications. Later on, they have developed amicable relations. Against this background one may question how could we understand that very dynamic nature of Turkish-Iranian relations? Considering this complicated and dynamic picture, we should analyse decisive factors in the relations between Ankara and Tehran. In other words, what has changed -and has been changing -in Turkish-Iranian relations after the JDP? In order to comprehend the complicated and dynamic interactions between Ankara and Tehran, this research goes beyond the JDP period in Turkey and put forwards a review of the history of Turkish-Iranian relations. And then, it focuses on the JDP period and analyse relations between Ankara and Tehran from diplomatic, economic and regional perspectives. Finally, it makes some speculations on the future of Turkish-Iranian relations. It argues that the complicated relationship between the two countries have been determined by a configuration of geopolitical context, structural factors, and the ruling elite. The JDP elite have employed rationalization, institutionalization and compartmentalization strategies to further Turkish-Iranian relations. However, they could not go beyond the diplomatic culture that set the longer history of interactions between the two countries on a fine course between bitter rivalry and friendly relations.

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Turkish‐Iranian Energy Cooperation and Conflict: The Regional Politics

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Global Oil‐Market Strategies of Saudi Arabia and Iran

Global Oil‐Market Strategies of Saudi Arabia and Iran

Turkey-Iran Relations after the JDP

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