Turkish Validation of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey

Abstract

The objective of this study is to provide a valid and reliable Turkish version of the original Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS). The SCHNOS questionnaire was translated from English to Turkish using standardized guidelines. Participants completed the questionnaire twice, with an interval of 7 to 10 days. Reliability and validity analyses were performed based on these answers. Differences between the rhinoplasty and control groups, the internal consistency of the instrument (Cronbach's alpha coefficient), and the strength of association between the two repeated measures (Pearson's correlation coefficient) were analyzed. Of the 188 included individuals (106 females, 82 males; mean age 28 ± 8.4 years), 97 were in the rhinoplasty group and 91 were in the control group. The mean total SCHNOS scores were 0.6 ± 0.4 and 29.4 ± 8.9 in the control and rhinoplasty groups, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference in total scores between the groups (p < 0.001). The internal consistency reliability of the scale was found to be highly significant (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96, with a lower 95% confidence interval of 0.89). The test–retest correlation value was 0.95 for the total score, and each item had a strong test–retest correlation, ranging from 0.92 to 0.96. The Turkish version of the SCHNOS is a valid and reliable scale for evaluating both functional and cosmetic outcomes in Turkish-speaking patients undergoing rhinoplasty.

Validation of the European Portuguese Language Version of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey

“…10,[13][14][15][16] The small number of participants can be a limitation of this study, although several similar translation studies achieved a validation process with a similar number of participants. [13][14][15] Since our results showed the reliability and validity of the European Portuguese SCHNOS, we consider that a more robust association could only be stronger with a greater sample size. Another limitation that can be pointed out is the fact that the psychological aspect is not fully accessed with SCHNOS-we consider that it may be useful to screen patients for psychological problems before rhinoplasty with the Quality of Life Scale Short Form (SF-36 questionnaire).…”

“…12 SCHNOS has been already validated in several languages such as Arabic, French, Turkish, Spanish, and Brazilian Portuguese, lacking a European Portuguese version, as previously discussed. 10,[13][14][15][16] The small number of participants can be a limitation of this study, although several similar translation studies achieved a validation process with a similar number of participants. [13][14][15] Since our results showed the reliability and validity of the European Portuguese SCHNOS, we consider that a more robust association could only be stronger with a greater sample size.…”

Impact of Functional and Aesthetic Factors on Patient Satisfaction in Septorhinoplasty

“…had the least impact (β=0.445) on the overall ROE score, the items regarding aesthetic satisfaction were found to be more effective on the overall score. Evaluation of current questionnaires such as SCCHNOS, which evaluates both functional and cosmetic results similar to ROE and has been validated in Turkish ( 12 ), with similar statistical methods will clarify the effect of functional results on patient satisfaction after septorhinoplasty. According to our findings, 63.9% of patient satisfaction after septorhinoplasty can be explained by aesthetic factors.…”

Assessment of Different Middle Vault Reconstruction Techniques in Rhinoplasty from Multiple Patient-Reported Outcome Measures

“…Validated Turkish versions of ROE, NOSE, and SCHNOS were used. [12][13][14] The ROE has both cosmetic and functional domains with its six items. The NOSE contains five items and investigates only functional outcomes.…”