Türkiye’de meyve ağaçlarında ekonomik zarar meydana getiren Pseudococcid’ler (Hemiptera) ve doğal düşmanları

Abstract

Pseudococcid species, cause reduced fruit quality and crop losses in various fruit trees. As a result of the application of broad spectrum-pesticides in their management, secondary pest outbreaks arise and chemical pesticide residues occur on fruits. Therefore, the role of biological control practices in mealybug management is important. In this review, the damage caused by the mealybug species, Planococcus citri Risso, Planococcus ficus Signoret, Phenacoccus aceris Signoret, Pseudococcus comstocki Kuwana, Pseudococcus longispinus Targioni Tozzetti, Pseudococcus viburni Signoret, Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel and Nipaecoccus nipae Sulc (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) to fruit trees in Turkey is outlined and the results of studies on their biological control agents have been compiled. For the integrated control of these pests, indigenous natural enemies should be supported, ant control should not be ignored, biodiversity should be increased and the application of broad spectrum pesticides should be avoided. In the absence of suitable natural enemy species in the environment, effective natural enemies should be introduced from other countries and released in the problematic regions.

A pest that could be posing a threat to mulberry production of Turkey: Glyphodes pyloalis (Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

“…One of the factors causing yield and quality losses in agricultural crops is insect pests. Insect and acari species determined as mulberry pests in Turkey are mulberry scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti, 1886) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), Japanese wax scale, Ceroplastes japonicas Green, 1921, fig vax scale, Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus, 1758, cottony maple scale, Neopulvinaria innumerabilis (Rathvon, 1854) and brown soft scale, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché, 1844) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana, 1902), citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813), apple mealybug, Phenacoccus aceris (Signoret, 1875) and coconut mealybug, Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell, 1893) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), strawberry spider mite, Tetranychus turkestani (Ugarov and Nikolski, 1937) and hawthorn (spider) mite, Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher, 1920) (Acari: Tetranychidae) (Ataş and Kaydan 2014, Çobanoğlu and Düzgüneş 1985, Elma and Alaoğlu 2008, Telli and Yiğit 2017, Ülgentürk and Mohammed 2016. However, control methods such as cultural, physical, biological, biotechnical, and chemical have not been applied mostly to all the above-mentioned pests.…”