Türkiye'de Televizyon Haberciliği ve Tabloidleşme

Abstract

Özet:Bu makale dört özel TV kanalında ve TRT'de bir hafta boyunca yayınlanan haberlerin hem biçimsel (sunucu öğesi, sunuş biçimi, görsel öğeler, müzik), hem de içerik bakımından (hangi aktörler ve temaların nasıl temsil edilip çerçevelendiği) nicel ve nitel analizine dayanır. Bu analizin sonuçlarından birisi, özel TV kanallarındaki haberlerde esas olarak iki aktörün yer aldığıdır: Geçirdikleri kazalar ve trajediler ile yoksullar/ 'sıradan' insanlar ve gösterişli yaşam tarzları, varlıkları ve dedikodularıyla zenginler/ ünlüler. TRT'de hala protokol haberciliğinin devam ettiğini vurgulayan araştırmada özel kanallarda haberlerin nasıl siyaseti kişiselleştirdiği ve tabloidleştirdiği ve medya gruplarının kendi çıkarları için haberleri nasıl kullandıkları örneklerle gözler önüne serilmektedir. News Reporting in Turkish Television and Tabloidisation Abstract:This article aims to explore the issue of tabloidisation of the news in the Turkish context by analysing the news texts of four commercial channels and a public service channel. The analysis covers both the formal characteristics and the content of the news in Turkey. While the former consists of elements such as the presenter and presenting style, visual elements, and music, the content is considered mainly by focusing on how actors and themes are represented, framed and focused and how the language is used, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Examples from the news are provided throughout the text to show the relationship within the specific Turkish context. The article argues that TRT stili relies on the protochol news reporting while in the commercial channels the news personalises and tabloidises politics, and at the same time pays less attention to international issues. Furthermore, the media groups exploiting the news for their own gain are critically examined in the article as well as the two main actors of the news: poor people vvith their tragedies and accidents, and rich people vvith their wealth, gossip and glamorous life style.

Manipulation of television news and its effects on democracy

“…The irst dimension is that with less attention to politics, economy and society, and much more attention to sports, scandals and popular entertainment; it is about paying more attention to the personal, private life of both celebrities and ordinary people, and less attention to political processes, economic and social changes. The information-tainment, which forms the second dimension, is related to the shifting of priorities in the communication tool from news and information to entertainment (Bek, 2004;Sparks, 1988). Why has tabloidization become one of the main topics of media researchers?…”

“…According to him, the more stable and established the bourgeois democracy, the less interested in the functioning of democracy and will turn to more popular political media (Sparks, 1988). The concept of magazines (Bek, 2004), which means that the popular and tabloid elements of secondary importance ISSN: 2414-3111 DOI: 10.20474/jahss-5.6.2 are placed in the foreground consciously or unconsciously, and that the news content gradually deviates from its real source, sometimes resembling tabloid news media seen in all journalism or even in the entire media. In other words, tabloid journalism is no longer limited to the tabloid press, the environment in which it was born.…”

“…Today, it is even claimed that television is the primary source of tabloid journalism (Ornebring & Jönsson, 2004). The broadening of the news in television means that the importance given to international news, politics and economy is decreasing, while human interest, entertainment, sports, scandal and private life take place more (Bek, 2004). In the context of violation of private lives, tabloid journalism is one of the most controversial areas of journalism.…”