Turn costs change the value of animal search paths

Wilson, Rory P.; Griffiths, Iwan W.; Legg, Phil; Friswell, Michael I.; Bidder, Owen R.; Halsey, Lewis G.; Lambertucci, Sergio A.; Shepard, Emily L. C.

doi:10.1111/ele.12149

Cited by 123 publications

(140 citation statements)

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“…While outside the scope of this work, we recognize a growing need to characterize the effects of modeling uncertainty in both hydrodynamic (Putman & He 2013) and individualbased models (Simons et al 2013) and to understand the repercussions of various behavioral rules (Wilson et al 2013). Nevertheless, we demonstrated the utility of the combined Eulerian-Lagran gian ap proach in finding support for certain migration behaviors (and sensory capabilities) and clear evidence against other behaviors.…”

Section: Behaviors That Did Not Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for multiple navigational sensory capabilities of Chinook salmon

Burke¹,

Anderson²,

Baptista³

2014

Aquat. Biol.

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To study the complex coastal migrations patterns exhibited by juvenile Columbia River Chinook salmon as they enter and move through the marine environment, we created an individual-based model in a coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian framework. We modeled 5 distinct migration strategies and compared the resulting spatial distributions to catch data collected during May and June in 3 years. Two strategies produced fish distributions similar to those observed in May, but only one also produced the observed June distributions. In both strategies, salmon distinguish north from south (i.e. they have a compass sense), and they control their position relative to particular landmarks, such as the river mouth. With these 2 abilities, we posit that salmon follow spatially explicit behavior rules that prevent entrapment in strong southward currents and advection offshore. Additionally, the consistent spatio-temporal distributions observed among years suggest that salmon use a clock sense to adjust their swim speed, within and among years, in response to progress along their migration.

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Section: Behaviors That Did Not Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for multiple navigational sensory capabilities of Chinook salmon

Burke¹,

Anderson²,

Baptista³

2014

Aquat. Biol.

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“…In addition, studies concerning energetics of manoeuvring, performed under experimental conditions, are often not interpreted in the general context of foraging theory (e.g. Hedrick and Biewener, 2007;Su et al, 2012; but see Wilson et al, 2013). The prediction is that sinuous flight is more costly than straight flight because of the additional mechanical costs (Pennycuick, 1978), but this has never been tested empirically.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The prediction is that sinuous flight is more costly than straight flight because of the additional mechanical costs (Pennycuick, 1978), but this has never been tested empirically. To our knowledge, the energetic costs of turns have only been measured in humans (Minetti et al, 2011;Wilson et al, 2013). In a wider context, the cost of foraging movements can be measured either per time unit, considering that animals have to maximize their net energy intake per unit foraging time, or via their energy balance, because animals have to maximize the ratio of energy gained to energy spent (Ydenberg et al, 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In a wider context, the cost of foraging movements can be measured either per time unit, considering that animals have to maximize their net energy intake per unit foraging time, or via their energy balance, because animals have to maximize the ratio of energy gained to energy spent (Ydenberg et al, 1994). Along these lines, the cost of tortuosity can be seen as the time it takes to cover a longer distance (Lusseau, 2004), or by an increase in the rate of energy expenditure while turning (Minetti et al, 2011;Wilson et al, 2013). Here we focus specifically on the latter aspect.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Windscape and tortuosity shape the flight costs of northern gannets

Amélineau

Péron

Lescroël

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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When animals move across a landscape, they alternate between active searching phases in areas with high prey density and commuting phases towards and in-between profitable feeding patches. Such active searching movements are more sinuous than travelling movements, and supposedly more costly in energy. Here we provide an empirical validation of this long-lasting assumption. To this end, we evaluated simultaneously energy expenditure and trajectory in northern gannets (Morus bassanus) using GPS loggers, dive recorders and three-dimensional accelerometers. Three behavioural states were determined from GPS data: foraging, when birds actively searched for prey (high tortuosity, medium speed); travelling, when birds were commuting (straight trajectory, high speed); and resting (straight trajectory, low speed). Overall dynamic body acceleration, calculated from acceleration data, was used as a proxy for energy expenditure during flight. The impact of windscape characteristics (wind force and direction) upon flight costs was also tested. Energy expenditure of northern gannets was higher during sinuous foraging flight than during more rectilinear travelling flight, demonstrating that turns are indeed costly. Yet wind force and direction also strongly shaped flight energy expenditure; within any behavioural state it was less costly to fly with the wind than against it, and less costly to fly with strong winds. Despite the major flight costs of wind action, birds did not fully optimize their flight track relative to wind direction, probably because of prey distributions relative to the coastline and wind predictability. Our study illustrates how both tortuosity and windscape shape the foraging costs of marine predators such as northern gannets.KEY WORDS: Energetics, Accelerometry, State-space model, Foraging, Seabird, Wind INTRODUCTIONAnimal energetics play a central role in ecology by conditioning individual fitness, population processes and, ultimately, trophodynamics and ecosystem functioning (Brown et al., 1993). Energy balance is determined by energy expenditure and food acquisition, and optimal foraging theory predicts that animals should minimise the former while maximizing the latter (Bell, 1991). The study of energy expenditure in foraging animals is therefore

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“…Behavioural intermittence of an animal's movement is the combination of forces acting to intersperse otherwise continuous movement, such as pauses to change orientation or take sharp turning angles, adjustment of behaviour to sensory inputs and the dynamics of acceleration (Bartumeus 2009). The discontinuous aspects of movement paths taken by animals, particularly turning, can have significant costs for that animal's net energy gain (Wilson et al 2013) and also alters their exposure to potential predation (Anholt & Werner 1995;Cuddington & Yodzis 2002;Yoder et al 2004). Direct measurement of complex behaviours and traits in animals (such as dispersal ability, reproductive fitness, or personality) is often difficult, and therefore the use of more simplified proximal traits is required (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selecting for invasive tendencies: the evolution of morphological, physiological, and movement behaviour traits associated with dispersal

Arnold¹

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Dispersal, defined as any movement of an individual over various spatial scales that may contribute to gene flow, is an essential component of species ecology. It provides a mechanism that allows organisms to track optimal environmental conditions, regulate population density and interactions with conspecifics, and colonise new areas. Dispersal ability varies widely among individuals, and this variation has been strongly linked to a suite of physiological, morphological, and behavioural traits that together constitute a dispersal syndrome. The evolution of dispersal-related traits can occur not only by natural selection, but also by spatial sorting, where individuals that have traits facilitating their dispersal accumulate at range edges and are limited proximally to mating with other dispersive individuals. The relationships among traits constituting the dispersal syndrome, their dynamics with age, and evolution under spatial selection on dispersal have not been comprehensively explored. Furthermore, integrating evolution into the study of dispersal is imperative to understand the mechanisms that select or constrain the evolution of dispersalrelated traits. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate a suite of physiological, morphological, and movement behaviour traits associated with the dispersal syndrome using a model system: laboratory dispersal apparatuses and Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle).The research presented in this thesis focused on the following traits: body size, locomotor apparatus size, metabolic rate, spontaneous activity, and movement behaviour in a maze (including speed, path length, displacement distance, and behavioural intermittence). The first specific aim was to determine how the onset of sexual maturity and age throughout early life affects dispersal-related traits (Chapter 2). I found that prior to sexual maturity, T. castaneum have low metabolic rate and moved significantly less than mature ones. The low energy expenditure was attributable to reduced energy demand and inactivity, which was hypothesised to be a protective mechanism while the cuticle is undergoing sclerotisation.The second specific aim was to determine the relationships among metabolic rate, body size, relative leg length and different movement behaviour traits (Chapter 3). A dominant axis of movement ability described variation in several movement traits and was positively related to relative leg length, but unrelated to body size or metabolic rate. A mechanistic relationship ii between stride length and movement ability is therefore likely. The data suggested that the dispersal syndrome may be more strongly tied to morphology rather than physiology.The third specific aim was to investigate the dispersal rate of T. castaneum through threepatch dispersal apparatuses to determine which design would be most effective for artificial selection on the basis of dispersal success (Chapter 4). The distance and slope of the tubing that connected between patches significantly affected dispersal rate, therefo...

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Turn costs change the value of animal search paths

Cited by 123 publications

References 40 publications

Evidence for multiple navigational sensory capabilities of Chinook salmon

Evidence for multiple navigational sensory capabilities of Chinook salmon

Windscape and tortuosity shape the flight costs of northern gannets

Selecting for invasive tendencies: the evolution of morphological, physiological, and movement behaviour traits associated with dispersal

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