Turning Loss Into Opportunity: The Key Deletion of an Escape Circuit in Decapod Crustaceans

Faulkes, Zen

doi:10.1159/000171488

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…Only 11% of crayfish (1 of 9) responded in less than 2 s when touched with the control, whereas 100% of crayfish responded in less than 2 s when touched with the high temperature stimulus. The behaviours of the crayfish when touched with high temperatures often included repeated tailflipping (an escape response; Wine and Krasne, 1972 ; Krasne and Wine, 1984 ; Wine, 1984 ; Reichert, 1988 ; Herberholz et al, 2004 ; Faulkes, 2008 ), walking rapidly away from the soldering iron, grabbing the soldering iron with the non-touched claw ( supplementary material Movie 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can crayfish take the heat?Procambarus clarkiishow nociceptive behaviour to high temperature stimuli, but not low temperature or chemical stimuli

Puri¹,

Faulkes²

2015

Biology Open

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Nociceptors are sensory neurons that are tuned to tissue damage. In many species, nociceptors are often stimulated by noxious extreme temperatures and by chemical agonists that do not damage tissue (e.g., capsaicin and isothiocyanate). We test whether crustaceans have nociceptors by examining nociceptive behaviours and neurophysiological responses to extreme temperatures and potentially nocigenic chemicals. Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) respond quickly and strongly to high temperatures, and neurons in the antenna show increased responses to transient high temperature stimuli. Crayfish showed no difference in behavioural response to low temperature stimuli. Crayfish also showed no significant changes in behaviour when stimulated with capsaicin or isothiocyanate compared to controls, and neurons in the antenna did not change their firing rate following application of capsaicin or isothiocyanate. Noxious high temperatures appear to be a potentially ecologically relevant noxious stimulus for crayfish that can be detected by sensory neurons, which may be specialized nociceptors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can crayfish take the heat?Procambarus clarkiishow nociceptive behaviour to high temperature stimuli, but not low temperature or chemical stimuli

Puri¹,

Faulkes²

2015

Biology Open

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“…Pleonal ganglia play an important role in controlling the caridoid escape reaction and other rapid pleonal movements (e.g. Paul, 1989Paul, , 2003Faulkes, 2008). Decapods which exhibit a high level of pleonal activity all possess segmentally arranged pleonal ganglia (see e.g.…”

Section: The Anterior Shift and Compaction Of The Pleonal Ganglia In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing their innermost secrets: an evolutionary perspective on the disparity of the organ systems in anomuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura)

Keiler

Richter

Wirkner

2016

CTOZ

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The Southern Australian crustacean species Lomis hirta (Lomisoidea: Lomisidae) is a representative of one of the three anomuran taxa which obtained their crab-like habitus independently from each other. This process, the evolutionary transformation into a crab-like form, is termed carcinization. To shed light on the morphological changes which took place during carcinization and to investigate structural dependence (coherence) between external and internal morphological characters, we studied L. hirta and representatives of its putatively most closely related taxa, Aegla cholchol (Aegloidea: Aeglidae) and Kiwa puravida (Chirostyloidea: Kiwaidae). External and internal anatomy was studied using microcomputertomography and computer-aided 3D reconstruction. A. cholchol and K. puravida belong to equally exceptional lineages: Aegla is endemic to South America and lives in freshwater habitats; Kiwa is a deep sea dweller associated to chemosynthetic bacteria found in methane seeps or hydrothermal vents. On the basis of recent cladistic analyses we reconstruct the anatomical ground pattern of the squat lobster-like last common ancestor of the three taxa and trace the morphological transformations that affected inner and outer morphology in the recent forms. Our results show, among other things, that the pleon in Lomis underwent drastic modifications in the context of carcinization, including a reduction of the muscular portion leaving more room for the hepatopancreas and gonads, and a narrowing of the pleonal ganglia which became shifted anteriorly into the cephalothorax and attached to the cephalothoracic ganglion. We interpret these anatomical changes in Lomis to have come about because of the loss of the caridoid escape reaction, which in turn was a direct consequence of the evolution of a strongly bent pleon as part of the crab-like habitus, and of a hidden lifestyle.

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“…Decapod crustaceans escape from predators and other sudden stimuli by tailflipping. The neural basis of escape tailflips has been well-studied ( Wine & Krasne, 1972 ; Wine & Krasne, 1982 ; Edwards, Heitler & Krasne, 1999 ; Krasne & Edwards, 2002 ; Faulkes, 2008 ), particularly in Louisiana red swamp crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ). The core of the escape circuit consists of medial giant interneurons (MGs) and lateral giant interneurons (LGs) that drive fast flexor motor neurons, including a specialized fast flexor motor giant (MoG) neuron.…”

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Motor neurons in the escape response circuit of white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus)

Faulkes

2015

PeerJ

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Many decapod crustaceans perform escape tailflips with a neural circuit involving giant interneurons, a specialized fast flexor motor giant (MoG) neuron, populations of larger, less specialized fast flexor motor neurons, and fast extensor motor neurons. These escape-related neurons are well described in crayfish (Reptantia), but not in more basal decapod groups. To clarify the evolution of the escape circuit, I examined the fast flexor and fast extensor motor neurons of white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus; Dendrobranchiata) using backfilling. In crayfish, the MoGs in each abdominal ganglion are a bilateral pair of separate neurons. In L. setiferus, the MoGs have massive, possibly syncytial, cell bodies and fused axons. The non-MoG fast flexor motor neurons and fast extensor motor neurons are generally found in similar locations to where they are found in crayfish, but the number of motor neurons in both the flexor and extensor pools is smaller than in crayfish. The loss of fusion in the MoGs and increased number of fast motor neurons in reptantian decapods may be correlated with an increased reliance on non-giant mediated tailflipping.

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Turning Loss Into Opportunity: The Key Deletion of an Escape Circuit in Decapod Crustaceans

Cited by 23 publications

References 163 publications

Can crayfish take the heat?Procambarus clarkiishow nociceptive behaviour to high temperature stimuli, but not low temperature or chemical stimuli

Can crayfish take the heat?Procambarus clarkiishow nociceptive behaviour to high temperature stimuli, but not low temperature or chemical stimuli

Revealing their innermost secrets: an evolutionary perspective on the disparity of the organ systems in anomuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura)

Motor neurons in the escape response circuit of white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus)

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