Turning Volcanic Ash into Fertile Soil: Farmers’ Options in Coffee Agroforestry After the 2014 Mount Kelud Eruption

Ishaq, Rizky Maulana; Saputra, Danny Dwi; Sari, Rika Ratna; Suprayogo, Didik; Widianto, Widianto; Prayogo, Cahyo; Hairiah, Kurniatun

doi:10.17503/agrivita.v42i1.2494

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The high root turnover of an ash-adapted tree species will likely contribute to enhanced pedogenesis (turning 'ash' into 'soil') may appear to be a speci c form of plant-soil feedback. However, rather than being functional for parasponia survival, the soil feedback may be a side-effect of a plant trait that assists parasponia in thriving in this environment, while also laying the basis for its successional demise when increased soil nitrogen concentrations allow its competitors (including a Trema species) to take over its dominant position in the vegetation (Ishaq et al 2020b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, the parasponia roots were sampled higher up on Mount Kelud where the species dominates the vegetation (Ishaq et al 2020b). Root sampling was done by tracing the main root from the base of the stem, following secondary branch roots, and collecting soil-root samples that were washed with roots with a diameter of <2 mm retained.…”

Section: Litterbagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After mixing with water, oxides (SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 ) in volcanic ash can induce a cementation and hardening process, reducing soil porosity and permeability (Mueller et al 2017). Close to the volcano, a specialized ash-adapted tree species with N 2 xing abilities, Parasponia rigida, is the rst to recover after an eruption and contribute organic matter from the above and belowground litter inputs (Ishaq et al 2020b). On cropped lands, farmers hoe the soil surface after volcanic ash deposition and add organic matter from leaves and twigs left over from harvest (organic matter) found around their land as well as manure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decomposition of Fine Roots and Aboveground Agroforestry Litter as Plant-soil Feedback After Volcanic Ash Deposition

Purnamasari

Noordwijk

Maulana

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background and PurposeAbove- and belowground organic inputs feed decomposer communities in the soil enhancing soil organic matter (Corg) formation, depending on the vegetation, soil, contextual factors and human management of (agro)ecosystems. Plant-soil feedback in volcanic ash rapidly increases Corg during transformation to Andisols. We quantified fine root turnover in agroforestry systems, including the ash-adapted native tree Parasponia rigida, as part of the C accumulation process. MethodsFine root (<2 mm) decomposition was quantified with a total of 1440 litterbag samples, testing the effects of six tree species (Coffea canephora, Persea americana, Durio zibethinus, Gliricidia sepium, Falcataria moluccana and Parasponia rigida), three distances to the nearest coffee trees, two seasons (rainy and dry), two sites (with and without recent ash deposits), four time intervals (2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks) and five replicates. Soil temperature around the litterbags was used to derive equivalent decomposition rates at 20oC. The ratio of lignin plus phenolics over nitrogen was used as main litter quality indicator.ResultsDecomposition of fine tree roots was up to three times faster than that of aboveground litter with the same quality index measured in the same habitat. Root decomposition was slower in topsoils with recent volcanic ash, with a mean residence time extended by, on average, two weeks. Decomposition of roots of the ash-adapted native tree Parasponia rigida was especially rapid. ConclusionsFine root turnover contributes to the Corg accumulation that turns low-C volcanic ash into high-carbon andic soil and has relatively short necromass residence times.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Litterbagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decomposition of Fine Roots and Aboveground Agroforestry Litter as Plant-soil Feedback After Volcanic Ash Deposition

Purnamasari

Noordwijk

Maulana

et al. 2021

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“…Seeds can be produced within 1 year of a regrowing stand. The trees also contribute to soil formation, with a halflife time of litter of around 20 weeks (Ishaq et al, 2020). The sibling species T. orientalis and P. rigida co-occurred at lower and middle elevation, while only P. rigida was found in the highest zone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Kew Garden plant list, all species in the genus Parasponia are indicated as "unresolved." Part of the literature on Indonesia [including Ishaq et al (2020) refers to P. andersonii Planch. which has been confirmed for islands in the Pacific.…”

Section: Parasponia's Taxonomic Positionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Regeneration After Volcanic Eruptions: Resilience of the Non-legume Nitrogen-Fixing Tree Parasponia rigida

Ishaq

Hairiah

Alfian

et al. 2020

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Volcanic eruptions disturb vegetation at a time it is needed for preventing mudflows. A resilient indigenous non-legume nitrogen-fixing tree that is adapted to the ash and spreads rapidly protects areas downstream in a volcanic landscape in Indonesia. Within the volcanic ring of fire both the long-term benefits (including densely populated, fertile agricultural soils) and short-term ecological disturbance of volcanic ash deposition are clear. Mount Kelud in East Java has erupted on a 15–37-years cycle for the past centuries, most recently in 2014, causing damage to settlements, agricultural land, agroforestry, and watershed protection forests, as the ash deposits caused tree mortality, restricted infiltration, and led to ash flows. Rapid “restoration” or recovery of tree-based vegetation with planted Legume trees (such as Calliandra spp.) has been attempted but is not very effective. However, the non-legume nitrogen-fixing Parasponia rigida, symbiotic with rhizobium bacteria, contrasted to its non-symbiotic sibling (Trema orientalis) has been studied in laboratory conditions, but not in its native environment. We mapped and sampled P. rigida in various locations (upper, middle, and lower elevation positions in ridge-slope-valley toposequences) on the Kelud complex starting 1 year after the latest eruption, estimated biomass development, and quantified P. rigida root nodules in relation to N availability in the ash/soil mixtures in these locations. P. rigida was found as a pioneer tree at elevations between 600 and 1,700 m a.s.l. (above sea level) along ridges, in slope, and valley positions. At lower elevations T. orientalis dominated. Within 3 years of the eruption, stem diameters were 3–10 cm. Up to 93% of P. rigida root nodules were found to be effective, based on the hemoglobin color on cross-sections. Rhizobium bacteria were found in root nodule tissue at densities of two to a hundred times higher than in rhizosphere soil. Between a total soil N content from 0.01 to 0.04% the density of effective nodules decreased from 1,200 to 200 m−2. P. rigida stands in the area, especially at ridges close to the crater deserve to be managed proactively as future seed sources, given the high frequency of eruption episodes, while recovery after eruptions on similar volcanoes can likely be facilitated by tactical assisted seed dispersal if effective seed collection and storage methods can be established.

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Recovery after volcanic ash deposition: vegetation effects on soil organic carbon, soil structure and infiltration rates

et al. 2022

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Background and purpose Volcanic eruptions of pyroclastic tephra, including the ash-sized fraction (< 2 mm; referred to as volcanic ash), have negative direct impacts on soil quality. The intensity (deposit thickness, particle-size distribution) and frequency (return period) of tephra deposition influence soil formation. Vulnerability and subsequent recovery (resilience) of the plant-soil system depend on land-uses (vegetation and management). Few previous studies covered the whole deposition-recovery cycle. We investigated the volcanic ash deposition effects on soil properties and their recovery across land-uses on a densely populated volcanic slope. Methods We measured the canopy cover and volcanic ash thickness six years after the 2014 Mt. Kelud eruption in four land-use systems: remnant (degraded) forests, complex agroforestry, simple agroforestry, and annual crops. Each system was monitored in three landscape replicates (total 12 plots). For the soil recovery study, we measured litter thickness, soil texture, Corg, soil C stocks, aggregate stability, porosity, and soil infiltration in three different observation periods (pre-eruption, three, and six years after eruption). Results Post-eruption volcanic ash thickness varied between land-use systems and was influenced by the plots slope position rather than canopy cover. The average soil texture and porosity did not vary significantly between the periods. Surface volcanic ash and soil layers initially had low aggregate stability and limited soil infiltration, demonstrating hydrophobicity. While Corg slowly increased from low levels in the fresh volcanic ash, surface litter layer, aggregate stability, and soil infiltration quickly recovered. Conclusions Different land-use management resulted in different recovery trajectories of soil physical properties and function over the medium to long term after volcanic ash deposition.

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Turning Volcanic Ash into Fertile Soil: Farmers’ Options in Coffee Agroforestry After the 2014 Mount Kelud Eruption

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Decomposition of Fine Roots and Aboveground Agroforestry Litter as Plant-soil Feedback After Volcanic Ash Deposition

Decomposition of Fine Roots and Aboveground Agroforestry Litter as Plant-soil Feedback After Volcanic Ash Deposition

Natural Regeneration After Volcanic Eruptions: Resilience of the Non-legume Nitrogen-Fixing Tree Parasponia rigida

Recovery after volcanic ash deposition: vegetation effects on soil organic carbon, soil structure and infiltration rates

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