Turtle biogeography: Global regionalization and conservation priorities

Ennen, Joshua R.; Agha, Mickey; Sweat, Sarah C.; Matamoros, Wilfredo A.; Lovich, Jeffrey E.; Rhodin, Anders G. J.; Iverson, John B.; Hoagstrom, Christopher W.

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108323

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…To delineate endemic areas within the study region, we used multivariate clustering methods (Kreft & Jetz, 2010) to identify geographical clusters of river sub‐basins based on assemblages (sensu Fauth et al., 1996) of freshwater fishes. These methods provide a quantitative and objective first step in identification and delineation of biogeographical regions and have been widely used for aquatic ecosystems (Cousseau et al, 2019; Ennen, Agha, Matamoros, Hazzard, & Lovich, 2016; Ennen et al., 2020; Matamoros et al., 2016; Matamoros, Kreiser, & Schaefer, 2012). First, we performed a hierarchical cluster analysis of the river sub‐basins based on an unweighted pair group method analysis with arithmetic means (UPGMA) on a dissimilarity matrix based on Jaccard index from our presence/absence dataset using the hclust function implemented in the R package ‘vegan’.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To delineate endemic areas within the study region, we used multivariate clustering methods (Kreft & Jetz, 2010) to identify geographical clusters of river sub-basins based on assemblages (sensu Fauth et al, 1996) of freshwater fishes. These methods provide a quantitative and objective first step in identification and delineation of biogeographical regions and have been widely used for aquatic ecosystems (Cousseau et al, 2019;Ennen, Agha, Matamoros, Hazzard, & Lovich, 2016;Ennen et al, 2020;Matamoros et al, 2016;Matamoros, Kreiser, & Schaefer, 2012).…”

Section: Identification Of Fine-scale Biogeographical Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Scale(s) matter: Deconstructing an area of endemism for Middle American freshwater fishes

Elías

McMahan

Matamoros

et al. 2020

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim: The processes that generate biodiversity occur at finer scales than are often studied, particularly in freshwater systems of the northern Neotropics. We investigate whether fine-scale biogeographic patterns are present within the larger Grijalva-Usumacinta Area of Endemism (AoE)-a region in Middle America where nearly 60% of freshwater fishes are endemic-and if present-day river basins are single historical units. Location: Northern Central America and southern Mexico.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of Fine-scale Biogeographical Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Scale(s) matter: Deconstructing an area of endemism for Middle American freshwater fishes

Elías

McMahan

Matamoros

et al. 2020

Journal of Biogeography

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“…One of the basic criteria for defining priority geographic areas for protection is the number of species an area harbors, in particular the number of endemic species, as these cannot be found elsewhere if such areas are damaged or lost (Giam et al, 2012;Ennen et al, 2020). An increasing number of studies are also starting to move the focus from species richness to phylogenetic diversity, a proxy that may represent aspects of biodiversity beyond that captured by species richness (Gumbs et al, 2020).…”

Section: Hotspots Of Undescribed or Cryptic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Forthcoming Approaches for Benchmarking Genetic and Genomic Diversity

García

Robinson

2021

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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The current attrition of biodiversity extends beyond loss of species and unique populations to steady loss of a vast genomic diversity that remains largely undescribed. Yet the accelerating development of new techniques allows us to survey entire genomes ever faster and cheaper, to obtain robust samples from a diversity of sources including degraded DNA and residual DNA in the environment, and to address conservation efforts in new and innovative ways. Here we review recent studies that highlight the importance of carefully considering where to prioritize collection of genetic samples (e.g., organisms in rapidly changing landscapes or along edges of geographic ranges) and what samples to collect and archive (e.g., from individuals of little-known subspecies or populations, even of species not currently considered endangered). Those decisions will provide the sample infrastructure to detect the disappearance of certain genotypes or gene complexes, increases in inbreeding levels, and loss of genomic diversity as environmental conditions change. Obtaining samples from currently endangered, protected, and rare species can be particularly difficult, thus we also focus on studies that use new, non-invasive ways of obtaining genomic samples and analyzing them in these cases where other sampling options are highly constrained. Finally, biological collections archiving such samples face an inherent contradiction: their main goal is to preserve biological material in good shape so it can be used for scientific research for centuries to come, yet the technologies that can make use of such materials are advancing faster than collections can change their standardized practices. Thus, we also discuss current and potential new practices in biological collections that might bolster their usefulness for future biodiversity conservation research.

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“…While freshwater turtles represent an obvious and charismatic species occupying freshwaters on many continent (Ennen et al 2020), they are actually facing risk of extinction due to burgeoning landscape changes including fragmentation or habitat loss (Browne and Hecnar 2007, Krull et al 2013), nest predation (Spencer 2002, Doody et al 2006), or changes in hydrology either through direct water extraction or regulation (Micheli‐Campbell et al 2017), and climate change (Fordham et al 2014). These threats are also apparent in northern Australia, because of seasonal wetland complexes (Georges 1992) and will employ terrestrial locomotion to exploit ephemeral food supplies, lay eggs or escape drought.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple fence modification increases land movement prospects for freshwater turtles on floodplains

et al. 2022

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Installing conservation fences to prohibit feral animal access to wetlands can become a barrier for non‐target species of interest. We collected 161 turtles (Chelodina rugosa, Emydura subglobosa worrelli, Myuchelys latisternum) from twenty floodplain and riverine wetlands during post‐wet (June–August) and late‐dry season (November–December) surveys (2015–2018) in northern Australia. Wetlands were fenced (150 × 150 mm square, 1.05 m high wire mesh) or unfenced around the wet perimeter. Ninety‐seven percent of individuals caught in either fenced or unfenced wetlands had a shell carapace width greater than mesh width, of these 44 (46%) were captured inside fenced wetlands, while 50 were caught in unfenced wetlands. The remaining 35 turtles were smaller than 150 mm and would likely pass easily through fence mesh. Sixty‐five turtles partook in a fencing manipulative experiment. Turtles with carapace widths wider than mesh often successfully escaped through fences by lifting one side of their shell and passing diagonally through the mesh. In a second experiment where a piece of vertical wire (1500 × 300 mm) was removed, turtles located ‘gates' after prospecting and fitting through meshing areas that were too small to pass. Ninety‐two percent of turtles were able to locate and pass through gates, while 8% failed to locate a gate after 2 h. Gates applied every 4 m showed an 83% passage rate, every 2 m was 91%, and every 1 m was 100%. Combing field and manipulative experiments revealed that large turtles will prospect and move along a fence until they find suitable passage, which has important consequences when considering that gates could be easily retrofitted to existing sites, as well in new fencing programs, which has enormous positive conservation benefits for turtles in an already challenging and changing floodplain environment.

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Turtle biogeography: Global regionalization and conservation priorities

Cited by 22 publications

References 65 publications

Scale(s) matter: Deconstructing an area of endemism for Middle American freshwater fishes

Scale(s) matter: Deconstructing an area of endemism for Middle American freshwater fishes

Current and Forthcoming Approaches for Benchmarking Genetic and Genomic Diversity

Simple fence modification increases land movement prospects for freshwater turtles on floodplains

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