Tutorial: Guide to error propagation for particle counting measurements

Sipkens, Timothy A.; Corbin, Joel C.; Grauer, Samuel J.; Smallwood, Gregory J.

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2022.106091

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Meanwhile, other inorganic vapors including iodine oxoacid (HIO 3 ), nitric acid (HNO 3 ), and ammonia (NH 3 ) may also promote nanoparticle growth under specific environments, − but their influence on the growth of 4–40 nm particles is limited in most cases. , Besides, heterogeneous reactions may also slightly impact nanoparticle growth by either increasing or decreasing the particle-phase species . Observed GRs may also have some uncertainty due to instrument, sampling, or computational errors, affecting the validation of simulation GRs. − However, our purpose here is not to comprehensively describe all the detailed mechanisms relevant to nanoparticle growth but rather to find out the main species and processes that contribute to nanoparticle growth and establish a prediction method for GRs. Therefore, we can still achieve our aim by focusing on the processes that dominate growth, namely, the condensation of SAC and organic vapors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Formation of Organic Compounds across Full Volatility Ranges and Their Contribution to Nanoparticle Growth in a Polluted Atmosphere

Li,

Zhao,

Yin

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Nanoparticle growth influences atmospheric particles' climatic effects, and it is largely driven by low-volatility organic vapors. However, the magnitude and mechanism of organics' contribution to nanoparticle growth in polluted environments remain unclear because current observations and models cannot capture organics across full volatility ranges or track their formation chemistry. Here, we develop a mechanistic model that characterizes the full volatility spectrum of organic vapors and their contributions to nanoparticle growth by coupling advanced organic oxidation modeling and kinetic gas-particle partitioning. The model is applied to Nanjing, a typical polluted city, and it effectively captures the volatility distribution of low-volatility organics (with saturation vapor concentrations <0.3 μg/m 3 ), thus accurately reproducing growth rates (GRs), with a 4.91% normalized mean bias. Simulations indicate that as particles grow from 4 to 40 nm, the relative fractions of GRs attributable to organics increase from 59 to 86%, with the remaining contribution from H 2 SO 4 and its clusters. Aromatics contribute much to condensable organic vapors (∼37%), especially low-volatility vapors (∼61%), thus contributing the most to GRs (32−46%) as 4−40 nm particles grow. Alkanes also contribute 19−35% of GRs, while biogenic volatile organic compounds contribute minimally (<13%). Our model helps assess the climatic impacts of particles and predict future changes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Formation of Organic Compounds across Full Volatility Ranges and Their Contribution to Nanoparticle Growth in a Polluted Atmosphere

Li,

Zhao,

Yin

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…All cases were repeated to attain a reliable result. According to the rule of error propagation [29], the error ∆y could be expressed as follows: ∆y = | dy dx |•∆x ,…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Longitudinal Temperature Attenuation and Smoke Movement in Urban Utility Tunnel Fires

Cao,

Liu,

Fan

et al. 2024

Fire

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The urban utility tunnel is an indispensable part of modern engineering construction. However, the fire risk cannot be ignored due to the narrow space and limited ventilation of the utility tunnel. A study of smoke filling is performed in a 1/8-scaled utility tunnel (25 m × 0.5 m × 0.45 m). Five heat release rates (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 kW) and four positions of fire sources are used for tests. The initial position of the one-dimensional smoke movement of strong plume is determined. Based on the traditional model, the longitudinal temperature attenuation model of tunnel smoke is established with consideration of radiation and convection heat losses. The theoretical value of the longitudinal temperature rise of smoke is in good agreement with the experimental value. A one-dimensional spreading velocity model is established that coincides well with the experimental value, and the relative error is less than 20%. The spreading velocity of smoke is increased by the heat release rate. The velocity of the smoke spreading at the near end is smaller than that at the center, due to the long spreading route. The current conclusions disclosed in this study provide important guidance for the ventilation design of utility tunnels for fire smoke scenarios.

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Bipolar nanochannels: the effects of an electroosmotic instability. Part 1. Steady-state response

Abu-Rjal,

Green

2024

Flow

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The steady-state current–voltage response of ion-selective systems varies as the number of ion-selective components is varied. For the highly investigated unipolar system, including only one ion-selective component, it has been shown that above a supercritical voltage, an electroosmotic instability is triggered, leading to overlimiting currents. In contrast, the effects of this instability on the current–voltage response of the second most common system of a bipolar system, including two oppositely charged permselective regions, have yet to be reported. Using numerical simulations, we investigate the steady-state electrical response of bipolar systems as we vary the ratio of the charge within the two oppositely charged regions. The responses are divided into those with an internal symmetry related to the surface charge and those without. In contrast to the unipolar systems, bipolar systems with the internal symmetry do not exhibit overlimiting currents and their steady-state response is identical to the convectionless steady-state response. In contrast, the systems without the internal symmetry exhibit much more complicated behaviour. For positive voltages, they have overlimiting currents, while for negative voltages, they do not have overlimiting currents. Our findings contribute to a more profound understanding of the behaviour of the current–voltage response in bipolar systems.

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Tutorial: Guide to error propagation for particle counting measurements

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Modeling the Formation of Organic Compounds across Full Volatility Ranges and Their Contribution to Nanoparticle Growth in a Polluted Atmosphere

Modeling the Formation of Organic Compounds across Full Volatility Ranges and Their Contribution to Nanoparticle Growth in a Polluted Atmosphere

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Longitudinal Temperature Attenuation and Smoke Movement in Urban Utility Tunnel Fires

Bipolar nanochannels: the effects of an electroosmotic instability. Part 1. Steady-state response

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