Tvbgn3, a β-1,6-Glucanase from the Biocontrol Fungus
            <i>Trichoderma virens</i>
            , Is Involved in Mycoparasitism and Control of
            <i>Pythium ultimum</i>

Djonović, Slavica; Pozo, Marı́a J.; Kenerley, Charles M.

doi:10.1128/aem.01607-06

Cited by 90 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The expression of lepus30a was also observed in mycelium and young fruiting body. This result implicates that the -1,6-glucanase also contributes in hyphal growth and branching, or development (Djonović et al 2006;Moy et al 2002).…”

Section: Endo-β-16-glucanasementioning

confidence: 82%

“…Some mycoparasitic fungi such as Trichoderma species produce an extracellular β-1,6-glucanase, member of GH30, for attack and degradation of host cell walls during their mycoparasitic action (De la Cruz and Llobell, 1999;Djonović et al, 2006;Montero et al, 2005). However, little information is known about the physiological function and role of the fungal β-1,6-glucanases.…”

Section: Endo-β-16-glucanasementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Senescence of the Lentinula edodes Fruiting Body After Harvesting

Sakamoto¹,

Nakade²,

Konno³

et al. 2012

Food Quality

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Section: Endo-β-16-glucanasementioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Endo-β-16-glucanasementioning

confidence: 99%

Senescence of the Lentinula edodes Fruiting Body After Harvesting

Sakamoto¹,

Nakade²,

Konno³

et al. 2012

Food Quality

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“…In order to elucidate why the respective sgC gene expression patterns of T. virens are so substantially different from those of T. atroviride, we investigated a number of parameters, such as the influence of the medium composition, morphology, and biomass formation, in more detail. Different standard media are usually used for cultivation of T. atroviride and T. virens (3,12), and attempts to grow T. virens in T. atroviride MM led to low biomass formation (see Fig. S4 in the supplemental material).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Regulation of Orthologous Chitinase Genes in Mycoparasitic Trichoderma Species

Gruber

Kubicek

Seidl‐Seiboth

2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Mycoparasitic Trichoderma species have expanded numbers of fungal subgroup C chitinases that contain multiple carbohydrate binding modules and could thus be important for fungal cell wall degradation during the mycoparasitic attack. In this study, we analyzed the gene regulation of subgroup C chitinases in the mycoparasite Trichoderma virens. In addition to regulation by nutritional stimuli, we found complex expression patterns in different parts of the fungal colony, and also, the mode of cultivation strongly influenced subgroup C chitinase transcript levels. Thus, the regulation of these genes is governed by a combination of colonyinternal and -external signals. Our results showed completely different expression profiles of subgroup C chitinase genes in T. virens than in a previous study with T. atroviride, although both fungi are potent mycoparasites. Only a few subgroup C chitinase orthologues were found in T. atroviride and T. virens, and even those showed substantially divergent gene expression patterns. Microscopic analysis revealed morphogenetic differences between T. atroviride and T. virens, which could be connected to differential subgroup C chitinase gene expression. The biological function of fungal subgroup C chitinases therefore might not be as clear-cut as previously anticipated. They could have pleiotropic roles and might be involved in both degradation of exogenous chitinous carbon sources, including other fungal cell walls, and recycling of their own cell walls during hyphal development and colony formation.Several species of the fungal genus Trichoderma (sexual form, Hypocrea) are mycoparasites and are thus able to antagonize, parasitize, and kill other fungi. An integral part of the mycoparasitic attack is degradation of the prey's cell wall by chitinases, glucanases, and proteases (1). Genome analysis revealed that the numbers of chitinase-encoding genes are strongly expanded in mycoparasitic Trichoderma spp. in comparison to other filamentous fungi. Fungal chitinases belong to glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH 18) and can be further subdivided into 3 different subgroups, A, B, and C (10, 11). Subgroup A chitinases in general contain no carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs), but subgroup B chitinases frequently have a CBM at the C-terminal end. All subgroup C (sgC) chitinases have multiple CBMs and have either two CBM 18 (chitin binding) domains or one CBM 18 and two CBM 50 (LysM) domains N terminal of their GH 18 module (5). CBMs enable efficient adherence of the enzyme to insoluble substrates and processive catalytic cleavage of the substrate (2). The additional chitinases in mycoparasitic Trichoderma spp. are members of subgroups B and C. While the saprotrophic species Trichoderma reesei has only 4 sgC chitinases, T. atroviride has 9 and T. virens has 15, suggesting the potential involvement of these chitinases in mycoparasitism (7). Surprisingly, only five orthologue pairs can be found in the sgC chitinases of T. atroviride and T. virens (TAC2/TVC2, TAC4/ TVC4, TAC5/TVC5, TAC6/TVC6, and T...

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“…Hyperparasitism by Trichoderma involves secretion of chitinases and cellulases, which release small molecules from the target pathogen and trigger chemotropism towards the latter (Zeilinger et al 1999). Contact is followed with coiling of hyphae around the hyphae of the pathogen, further enzymatic digestion of its cell wall, and penetration by Trichoderma (Djonović et al 2006;Woo et al 2006). Cell wall damage caused by endochitinases was also shown to play an important role in the activity of Gliocladium virens against Botrytis cinerea (Di Pietro et al 1993).…”

Section: Interactions Between Beneficial Microorganisms and Soilbornementioning

confidence: 99%

The rhizosphere: a playground and battlefield for soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms

et al. 2008

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The rhizosphere is a hot spot of microbial interactions as exudates released by plant roots are a main food source for microorganisms and a driving force of their population density and activities. The rhizosphere harbors many organisms that have a neutral effect on the plant, but also attracts organisms that exert deleterious or beneficial effects on the plant. Microorganisms that adversely affect plant growth and health are the pathogenic fungi, oomycetes, bacteria and nematodes. Most of the soilborne pathogens are adapted to grow and survive in the bulk soil, but the rhizosphere is the playground and infection court where the pathogen establishes a parasitic relationship with the plant. The rhizosphere is also a battlefield where the complex rhizosphere community, both microflora and microfauna, interact with pathogens and influence the outcome of pathogen infection. A wide range of microorganisms are beneficial to the plant and include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, endo-and ectomycorrhizal fungi, and plant growth-promoting bacteria and fungi. This review focuses on the population dynamics and activity of soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms. Specific attention is given to mechanisms involved in the tripartite interactions between beneficial microorganisms, pathogens and the plant. We also discuss how agricultural practices affect pathogen and antagonist populations and how these practices can be adopted to promote plant growth and health.

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Tvbgn3, a β-1,6-Glucanase from the Biocontrol Fungus Trichoderma virens , Is Involved in Mycoparasitism and Control of Pythium ultimum

Cited by 90 publications

References 59 publications

Senescence of the Lentinula edodes Fruiting Body After Harvesting

Senescence of the Lentinula edodes Fruiting Body After Harvesting

Differential Regulation of Orthologous Chitinase Genes in Mycoparasitic Trichoderma Species

The rhizosphere: a playground and battlefield for soilborne pathogens and beneficial microorganisms

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