2020
DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1068
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TWEAK and TSLP in disc degeneration and spontaneous hernia resorption

Abstract: Spontaneous degeneration of an intervertebral disc is caused by inflammation that accompanies exposure of the avascular nucleus pulposus to circulation, triggering an autoimmune inflammatory reaction. Both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of IVD regulation by various cytokines are involved in disc degeneration and spontaneous hernia resorption through inflammatory responses. The major goal of this narrative review was to assemble our past findings about the potential role of cytokines in disc diseases and to… Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“… 42 , 43 Based on the capacity of proinflammatory response and phagocytosis, macrophages are involved in the resorption of herniated disc tissues. 44 The polarization capacity of Mφ-SPP1 to Mφ-CCL3 and Mφ-NR4A2 indicates its potential functions in spontaneous hernia resorption.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 42 , 43 Based on the capacity of proinflammatory response and phagocytosis, macrophages are involved in the resorption of herniated disc tissues. 44 The polarization capacity of Mφ-SPP1 to Mφ-CCL3 and Mφ-NR4A2 indicates its potential functions in spontaneous hernia resorption.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Other factors include chemokine ligand (CXCL) 10 and CXCL1, which are important chemoattractants for annulus fibrosus cells 24 . Recent literature highlights tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) roles in macrophage migration which led to theories postulating their role in disk resorption 25 .…”
Section: Inflammation and Neovascularizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…First, MMP-7 induces the release of the inflammation cytokine TNF-α from macrophages. TNF-α, via nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) 19) , and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, increases the expression levels of the matrix degrading enzyme MMP-3 and the macrophage migration enhancer monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1). Macrophages migrate toward the extruded herniated mass; matrix degrading enzymes, such as MMP-3, and VEGF promote neovascularization; and spontaneous resorption of herniation occurs 20) .…”
Section: Commentarymentioning
confidence: 99%