“…AI has been widely used in smart campus applications involving human factor and uncertainties, such as personalized learning, virtual tutoring, decision-making, quantative evaluation, and future condition prediction. In the literature, the commonly used AI techniques include but not limited to facial recognition [26], emotion recognition [33], speech recognition [33], computer vision [34,35], unsupervised learning [36], recommender system [37,38], and anomaly detection [36,39].…”