Twenty‐five‐year course and outcome in anxiety and depression in the Upper Bavarian Longitudinal Community Study

Fichter, Manfred M.; Quadflieg, Norbert; Fischer, Uwe C.; Kohlboeck, Gabriele

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01512.x

Cited by 121 publications

(88 citation statements)

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“…Aside from the two classic longitudinal studies in psychiatric epidemiology that combined data from clinical registries, primary care, mental health treatment settings with personal interviews, the Lundby Study in Sweden (Essen-Möller, 1956, Hagnell et al 1994, Asselmann et al 2014) and the Stirling County, Nova Scotia Study (Murphy et al 2008), there are few studies that have followed community cohorts using structured diagnostic interviews to ascertain standardised diagnostic criteria for the full range of Axis I Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) for more than a decade. These studies, including the Zurich Cohort Study of 19-20-year-old adults from Zurich, Switzerland (Angst et al 2005), the Upper Bavarian Longitudinal Community Study (Fichter et al 2010), the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-up (Eaton et al 1997, Eaton et al 2007, the Dunedin, New Zealand Study with multiple follow-ups of a birth cohort that included structured diagnostic interviews from age 18 to 32, (Moffitt et al 2010); the Early developmental stages of psychopathology (EDSP) study in Munich, Germany that has followed a sample of adolescents and adults for up to 10 years (Wittchen et al 1998, Asselmann et al 2014) and the 10-year follow-up of the National Comorbidity Survey (Kessler et al 2009), have provided substantial information about the prevalence, course, stability, risk factors comorbidity and mortality associated with mental disorders across the life span.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of common mental disorders from age 20 to 50: results from the prospective Zurich cohort Study

Angst

Paksarian

Cui

et al. 2015

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

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Background:There are only a small number of prospective studies that have systematically evaluated standardised diagnostic criteria for mental disorder for more than a decade. The aim of this study is to present the approximated overall and sex-specific cumulative incidence of mental disorder in the Zurich cohort study, a prospective cohort study of 18–19 years olds from the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, who were followed through age 50.Method:A stratified sample of 591 participants were interviewed with the Structured Psychopathological Interview and Rating of the Social Consequences of Psychological Disturbances for Epidemiology, a semi-structured interview that uses a bottom-up approach to assess the past-year presence of 15 psychiatric syndromes. Seven interview waves took place between 1979 and 2008. Approximated cumulative incidence was estimated using Kaplan–Meier methods.Results:Rates of mental disorder were considerably higher than those generally reported in cross-sectional surveys. We found rates ranging from 32.5% for major depressive disorder to 1.2% for Bipolar I disorder. The cumulative probability of experiencing any of the mental disorders assessed by age 50 was 73.9%, the highest reported to date. We also found that rates differed by sex for most disorders, with females generally reporting higher rates of mood, anxiety and phobic disorder, and males reporting higher rates of substance- and alcohol-related disorders.Conclusions:These findings confirm those of other long-term prospective studies that indicate the nearly universal nature of disturbances of emotion and behaviour across the life span. Greater community awareness of the normative nature of these experiences is warranted. An important area of future research is study long-term course and stability to determine who among those with such disturbances suffer from chronic disabling mental disorders. Such longitudinal studies may aid in directing services and intervention efforts where they are most needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of common mental disorders from age 20 to 50: results from the prospective Zurich cohort Study

Angst

Paksarian

Cui

et al. 2015

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although a number of studies, such as that of Colman et al, 16 have estimated trajectories of symptoms over time, descriptions of trajectories of mental health disorder are scarce. The few diagnostic studies 9,[17][18][19][20] that have followed population-based samples of adults for more than 20 years have provided important information about the incidence and course of specific disorders. Along with longitudinal studies 19,21-29 of children followed into early adulthood, these indicate a substantial degree of heterogeneity in course and comorbidity with other mental health disorders over time.…”

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confidence: 99%

Latent Trajectories of Common Mental Health Disorder Risk Across 3 Decades of Adulthood in a Population-Based Cohort

et al. 2016

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“…Rhebergen et al (2011) presented that approximately 50% of those with an anxiety disorder no longer fulfilled the diagnosis criteria after seven years. Hendriks, Spijker, Licht, Beekman, and Penninx (2012) showed similar results regarding the two-year course, and Fichter, Quadflieg, Fischer, and Kohlboeck (2010) determined that around 60% no longer fulfilled their anxiety disorder diagnosis if no other co-occurring disorder was present after 25 years. A comorbid disorder might change these figures, however.…”

Section: Natural Coursementioning

confidence: 72%

Individually tailored internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders

Nordgren¹

2013

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All previously published articles were reproduced with permission from the publisher. It´s hard to remember that this day will never come again. That the time is nowand the place is here and that there are no second chances at a single moment. Jeanette Winterson, The Passion 1 ABSTRACTFear is an innate emotion and an adaptive response to provide protection from potential harm. When fear is excessive and out of proportion in relation to the confronted situation, it can lead to the development of an anxiety disorder. Many individuals feel anxious at some point, but not all experience clinical anxiety or meet the diagnostic criteria of an anxiety disorder. Still, anxiety disorders are the most prevalent form of psychiatric disorder in the general population. More often than not people suffering from one anxiety disorder also present other psychiatric conditions. As of today, cognitive and behavioural treatments have been tested and found to positively affect anxiety disorders, making them the treatment of choice. Nevertheless, many patients do not seek or receive adequate treatment.One common critique of the research trials from which the recommendations for treatments stem is the use of a single protocol targeting only one diagnosis. This is because many people suffer from comorbidities. Another problem connected to the recommendation that cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) should be the treatment of choice for anxiety disorders is the lack of therapists with adequate training. One possible way of dealing both with the shortcoming of therapists and making CBT more accessible is the use of the Internet. Internet-based CBT (ICBT) has been tested in numerous trials during the last 15 years, showing positive outcomes for a large variety of disorders. Many ICBT trials also make use of a single protocol. Another way of dealing with comorbidities might be to tailor the treatment to let characteristics and preferences of the patient guide the design of the protocol. Little is known about possible effects of tailoring the ICBT, the effects of therapeutic relationships in ICBT, and the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these treatments. This thesis is based on three studies on two separate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using the same set of modules accessible for the tailored protocol.Study I was an RCT investigating treatment effects up to two-year after completion, showing favourable outcomes of the treatment in a 2 self-recruited sample at all measure points. Study II was a secondary analysis exploring possible relations between working alliance and treatment outcome for participants in the treatment group recruited for Study I indicating that working alliance predict outcome in this tailored treatment.The second RCT was an effectiveness trial (Study III) analysing treatment effects and cost-effectiveness of the treatment up to one year post treatment in a primary-care population. This study showed positive treatment effects both regarding symptom reduction and cost-effectiveness, and that effects were susta...

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Twenty‐five‐year course and outcome in anxiety and depression in the Upper Bavarian Longitudinal Community Study

Abstract: Results underscore the long-term risks of suffering from a combined anxiety and depressive syndrome.

Cited by 121 publications

References 49 publications

The epidemiology of common mental disorders from age 20 to 50: results from the prospective Zurich cohort Study

The epidemiology of common mental disorders from age 20 to 50: results from the prospective Zurich cohort Study

Latent Trajectories of Common Mental Health Disorder Risk Across 3 Decades of Adulthood in a Population-Based Cohort

Individually tailored internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders

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