Twenty-five year mortality of US servicemen deployed in Vietnam: predictive utility of early drug use

Price, Rumi Kato; Risk, Nathan K.; Murray, Keith S.; Virgo, Katherine S.; Spitznagel, Edward L.

doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(01)00134-x

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In this article, we report on one such sample derived from the Vietnam Era Study (VES; Price et al, 2001aPrice et al, , 2001b. In contrast with the VETR, the VES was comprised of nontwins and oversampled for veterans who tested positive for drug use at discharge from Vietnam.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In this effort, we made use of data from the VES study (Price et al, 2001a(Price et al, , 2001b, a 25-year follow-up of the Vietnam Drug User Returns (Robins, 1974) project, which assessed the long-term medical and psychiatric consequences of substance misuse in Vietnam. In contrast with the VETR, the VES is a nontwin, high-risk sample by virtue of an oversampling of veterans who tested positive for drug use on discharge from Vietnam.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Course of Alcohol Dependence Among Vietnam Combat Veterans and Nonveteran Controls

Jacob¹,

Blonigen²,

Koenig³

et al. 2010

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: Identifying developmental trajectories of alcohol use is fundamental in building theories of alcoholism etiology and course. The purpose of this study was to replicate and generalize our previous fi nding that had been based on a twin sample drawn from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. In this study, we made use of a nontwin sample of Vietnam veterans drawn from the Vietnam Era Study-a 25-year follow-up of the Vietnam Drug User Returns project that assessed the long-term medical and psychiatric consequences of substance abuse or dependence in Vietnam. Method: Alcohol-related behaviors and psychiatric status were assessed in a sample of 839 individuals that comprised 323 veterans who tested positive for drugs (i.e., opiates, barbiturates, or amphetamines) on discharge from Vietnam, 319 veterans who tested negative for drugs at that time, and a nonveteran control sample (n = 197). Individuals with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol dependence (n = 293) were selected for further analysis. Using detailed life history charts, in-person structured interviews were conducted, which entailed retrospective reports covering the 25 years since the 1972 survey. Measures of alcohol and drug use as well as psychiatric symptoms were obtained by assessing each year of the follow-up interval, beginning with 1972. Results: Using latent growth mixture modeling, a four-class model was identifi ed with trajectories that were parallel to those identifi ed in our previous studies based on the Vietnam Era Twin Registry: severe chronic alcoholics, severe nonchronic alcoholics, late-onset alcoholics, and young-adult alcoholics. Conclusions: Present fi ndings provide additional support for the replicability and generalizability of meaningful differences in the course of alcoholism from early adulthood to midlife. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 71, 629-639, 2010)

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Course of Alcohol Dependence Among Vietnam Combat Veterans and Nonveteran Controls

Jacob¹,

Blonigen²,

Koenig³

et al. 2010

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…32 The response rates for the 2 follow-ups reflect design attrition, deaths, failure to locate respondents, and interview refusals. By the time of the 1996-1997 survey (VES-III), 10.5% of the entire cohort was lost through death 33 ; more than 93% of the surviving members (n=1024) were located. The fieldwork was discontinued after the recruitment goal of 830 interviews was surpassed, resulting in an 82.1% interview rate (n=841).…”

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confidence: 99%

Remission from drug abuse over a 25-year period: patterns of remission and treatment use

Price

Risk²,

Spitznagel³

2001

Am J Public Health

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A B S T R A C TObjectives. Using an epidemiologically obtained sample, we examined patterns of illicit drug use, abuse, and remission over a 25-year period and recent treatment use.Methods. The surviving members of the cohort (n = 841), previously surveyed in 1972 and 1974, comprised 3 subsamples of Vietnam War enlisted men and civilian controls. Retrospectively obtained year-to-year measures from the 1996-1997 survey included use and remission of sedatives, stimulants, marijuana, cocaine, and opiates, as well as substance abuse and psychiatric treatment use.Results. Relatively stable patterns of frequent use in adulthood were found, with the mean duration from initiation to the last remission ranging from 9 to 14 years. A majority attempted to quit; however, most did not use traditional drug treatment in their last attempts. Fewer than 9% of the then-current drug users were treated in inpatient or outpatient settings at the time of data collection.Conclusions. Most drug abusers who had started using drugs by their early 20s appeared to gradually achieve remission. Spontaneous remission was the rule rather than the exception. Nonetheless, considerable unmet needs existed for those who had continued use into middle age. (Am J Public Health.

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“…Considerable attention has been given to the accuracy of VA death records as compared with state (e.g., Washington State, California) death records or the National Death Index [8][9][10]. However, very little is known about causes of death in veterans, except for select groups such as Vietnam veterans or veterans with mental illness [1][2][3][4]. This article is among the first to describe causes of death in a large unselected group of veterans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relatively little is known about the cause of death in the general veteran population, although more is known about the cause of death in Vietnam and Persian Gulf war veterans [1][2][3]. Veterans who received specialty mental health services died younger and were more likely to die from infectious diseases, accidents, or suicide than their counterparts who received general medical care only [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in cause of death of Washington State veterans who did and did not use Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare services

Maynard¹

2006

JRRD

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Abstract-Relatively little is known about the cause of death in the veteran population, although more is known about the cause of death in Vietnam veterans or veterans receiving mental health services. This article compares characteristics and causes of death in Washington State veterans who did and did not use Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare services in the 5 years prior to death. This study included 62,080 veterans who died between 1998 and 2002, of whom 21% were users of VA healthcare services. The veterans who used VA healthcare services were younger, more often men, less educated, more often divorced, and more often smokers than the veterans who did not use VA healthcare services. Both female and male veterans who used VA healthcare services were more likely to die from drugand/or alcohol-related causes. These findings suggest that the VA patient population is socially disadvantaged and more severely affected by substance-use disorders compared with veterans who do not use VA healthcare services.

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Twenty-five year mortality of US servicemen deployed in Vietnam: predictive utility of early drug use

Cited by 36 publications

References 40 publications

Course of Alcohol Dependence Among Vietnam Combat Veterans and Nonveteran Controls

Course of Alcohol Dependence Among Vietnam Combat Veterans and Nonveteran Controls

Remission from drug abuse over a 25-year period: patterns of remission and treatment use

Differences in cause of death of Washington State veterans who did and did not use Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare services

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