Twenty-four percent efficient silicon solar cells with double layer antireflection coatings and reduced resistance loss

Zhao, Jianhua; Wang, A.; Altermatt, Pietro P.; Green, Martin A.

doi:10.1063/1.114124

Cited by 265 publications

(141 citation statements)

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“…Typical examples are the deposition of thin film antireflection coatings on top of solar cells, 3 the incorporation of highly reflecting back sides, 4 or the use of periodic structures either on top or bottom of the photovoltaic device 5 However, the intrinsic disadvantage of all periodic structures is the critical dependence of the optical response on wavelength, polarization, and angle of incidence. This allows for an optimized design at particular wavelengths, but a broadband increase of the solar cell's efficiency is hardly achieved.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Light localization at randomly textured surfaces for solar-cell applications

Rockstuhl

Lederer

Bittkau

et al. 2007

Applied Physics Letters

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By using a rigorous diffraction theory, the localization of light near textured zinc oxide (ZnO) surfaces is theoretically investigated and compared with experimental data obtained from scanning-near-field-optical microscopy. Although random by nature, these surfaces show well-defined geometrical features, which cause the formation of localized light patterns near the surface. Particularly, photon jets are observed to emerge from conical surface structures. Because these structures are of primary importance for applications in photovoltaics, we analyze the “real” surface topography of textured ZnO used in silicon solar cells. With this work, valuable insight is provided into the mechanism of light coupling through randomly textured interfaces.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Light localization at randomly textured surfaces for solar-cell applications

Rockstuhl

Lederer

Bittkau

et al. 2007

Applied Physics Letters

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“…The physics of high-efficiency crystalline-silicon laboratory solar cells is now very well understood, and the best laboratory cell performance today, 24%, is nearing best theoretical expectations, around 30% [14,15]. Hence, the best laboratory cell performance is expected to increase between 25% and 28% by 2030.…”

Section: Evolution Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential photovoltaics

None¹

2009

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Photovoltaic (PV) modules are large-area solid-state semiconductor devices that convert solar energy directly into electrical energy. Individual PV modules produce direct-current (dc) electricity, and are available in sizes from 10 W to 300 W. The actual power output depends upon the intensity (W/m ) of sunlight, the operating temperature of the 2 module, and other factors. PV modules are designed and sized to produce the desired electrical output. Addition of electrical power conditioning components (electrical switches, diode protection circuits, dc-to-ac inverters, etc.) are required to interface the PV output with the electrical load. The resulting assembly of components is known as the photovoltaic system. A residential PV system was selected for this Technology Characterization because it is a well-defined application of the technology, it can have a significant impact on energy use within the United States, and it is an application that effectively utilizes the attributes of PV systems for maximum economical benefit. Customer-sited, grid-tied PV systems are expected to be an early large-scale market for PV energy systems, because these systems take maximum economical advantage of PV technology's positive attributes. Customer siting means that the PV systems is located at, or very near, the point of use, and includes applications like residential roof-top PV systems, commercial-building roof PV systems, and building-integrated PV systems. This report examines residential PV systems, but many of the comments pertain to other types of customer-sited PV systems as well.The residential rooftop PV system (Figure 1) considered in this report has no energy storage. Some (or most) of the energy may be used on site, and a power purchase agreement allows the remaining electricity produced to be fed into the existing utility grid. These PV systems are generally between 1 and 5 kW, and the nominal system considered in this report is 3 kW. (In reality, for this characterization, the system size is held constant at 20 m and the dc rating 2 increases over time to 4 kW). The PV modules are mounted on the roof or, in the future, may be specifically designed as roofing elements (e.g., PV shingles, etc.). The modules characterized here use crystalline-silicon solar cells. In the future, by about 2020, advanced PV technologies -crystalline-silicon ribbon or sheet, and various thin-film (amorphous RESIDENTIAL PHOTOVOLTAICS4-6 silicon, cadmium telluride, or copper indium diselenide) materials may be used. While no energy storage is included in the system presented here, energy storage may become economical in the future. The PV modules described here are wired to a single dc-to-ac inverter or, in the future, may include their own individual dc-to-ac inverter. The ac power is tied to the grid through protective switches which disconnect the PV system should the utility power be disrupted. The system costs described here do not include the roof or the building, which are assumed to already exist.Two sets of systems are described ...

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“…The approach of fabricating AR films splits into two broad categories i-Bottom up and ii-Top down approach. The bottom up fabrication includes methods such as sol-gel processing [55][56][57][58] , chemical vapour deposition (CVD) techniques [59][60][61] , magnetron e-ISSN: 2321-6212 p-ISSN: 2347-2278 sputtering [52,62] , plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition [63][64][65] or physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques [66,67] . The top down approach is limited to wet and dry etching methods.…”

Section: Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mini Review: Antireflective Coatings Processing Techniques, Applications and Future Perspective

Khan¹,

Wu²,

Pan³

et al. 2017

Res. Rev. J Mat. Sci

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Antireflective coatings (AR) are widely applied to eliminate the unwanted surface reflections from the AR coated substrate. In different optoelectronic devices, AR coatings have potential usage in photovoltaic solar cells, sensors, display devices, automobile industries to reduce reflectance, glare and enhance light transmittance. Natural phenomenon inspires researchers, and they generate bionic AR coatings copying the nature such as moth eyes, or cicada wings to fabricate efficient light harvesting AR coatings. In the current review article, we analyse and evaluate critically the progress and recent development in the fabrication of AR thin films comprising organic coatings, inorganic coatings, polymer AR coatings and bionic AR coatings. We predominantly emphasise the AR coatings fabrication by different methods and pinpoints the technological challenges in their real-world reliability. Finally, we address the future challenges and potential strategies for their upcoming prospect.

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Twenty-four percent efficient silicon solar cells with double layer antireflection coatings and reduced resistance loss

Cited by 265 publications

References 1 publication

Light localization at randomly textured surfaces for solar-cell applications

Light localization at randomly textured surfaces for solar-cell applications

Residential photovoltaics

A Mini Review: Antireflective Coatings Processing Techniques, Applications and Future Perspective

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