Twenty-four Weeks of β-Alanine Supplementation on Carnosine Content, Related Genes, and Exercise

Saunders, Bryan; Painelli, Vítor de Salles; Oliveira, Luana Farias de; Silva, Vinicius da Eira; Silva, Rafael Pires da; Riani, Luiz; Franchi, Mariana; Gonçalves, Lívia de Souza; Harris, Roger C.; Roschel, Hamilton; Artioli, Guilherme Giannini; Sale, Craig; Gualano, Bruno

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001173

Cited by 82 publications

(123 citation statements)

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“…Twenty-five studies were identified in the systematic search and included in the meta-analysis [10–12,19–40], along with three, currently unpublished, data sets from the authors’ lab (see Figure 1 for search flow diagram). In total, 575 participants (comprising 486 men and 89 women) were included, of which 382 consumed BA, with the remaining 193 allocated to a placebo intervention.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complete individual data sets were obtained from five studies conducted within the authors laboratory. Two of these studies were identified in the systematic search [12,22], while the remaining three are currently unpublished. Ninety-nine participants were available (BA n = 67, PLA n = 32) comprising a total of 232 observations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theoretically, the greater the increase in MCarn content, the greater its ability to buffer, and to contribute to other processes, and so intuitively, attaining the largest increases possible seems desirable. Two studies did report that larger MCarn increases were associated with greater performance effects [11,12], but meta-analytic data does not support this, and the total dose ingested was previously reported not to influence the effect on exercise performance [18]. It would be counterintuitive to believe that performance benefits would continue to linearly increase with ever-increasing MCarn, given that numerous factors, apart from acidosis, contribute to fatigue [43], and so it makes sense that at some point, performance benefits would plateau.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shortly after, the same group reported that BA supplementation (mean of 5.2 g·day -1 for 4 weeks) was ergogenic to high-intensity exercise performance [11]. Since then, the ergogenic benefits of this supplementation strategy have been tested and proven in a wide range of models and recently, our group published a meta-analysis showing that BA supplementation is most ergogenic in capacity-based exercise tests that last between 30 seconds and 10 minutes [12]. This strong evidence supporting the ergogenic potential of BA supplementation has earned it its place as one of the world’s most popular sports supplements, and it is one of just five ergogenic supplements endorsed by the International Olympic Committee [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But many questions about the nature of the muscle carnosine response to BA supplementation remain open, and substantial research efforts are being made to refine BA dosing strategies in order to optimize its efficacy and applicability [14]. For example, inter-individual variation in response to supplementation is high [12], yet little is known about what factors underpin this [15]. What is the capacity of the muscle to uptake BA and increase MCarn?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Skeletal Muscle has Large Capacity to Increase Carnosine Content in Response to Beta-Alanine Supplementation. A Systematic Review with Bayesian Individual and Aggregate Data E-Max Model and Meta-Analysis

Rezende

Swinton

Oliveira

et al. 2019

Preprint

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34Beta-alanine (BA) supplementation increases muscle carnosine content (MCarn), and is ergogenic in many situations. Currently, many questions on the 35 nature of the Mcarn response to supplementation are open, and the response to these has considerable potential to enhance the efficacy and applications 36 of this supplementation strategy. Objective: To conduct a Bayesian analysis of available data on the Mcarn response to BA supplementation. Methods: A 37 systematic review with meta-analysis of individual and published aggregate data using a dose response (Emax) model was conducted. The protocol was 38 designed according to PRISMA guidelines. A three-step screening strategy was undertaken to identify studies that measured the Mcarn response to BA 39 supplementation. In addition, individual data from 5 separate studies conducted in the authors' laboratory were analysed. Data were extracted from all 40 controlled and uncontrolled supplementation studies conducted on healthy humans. Meta-regression was used to consider the influence of potential 41 moderators (including dose, sex, age, baseline Mcarn and analysis method used) on the primary outcome. Results and Conclusion: The Emax model 42 indicated that human skeletal muscle has large capacity for non-linear Mcarn accumulation, and that commonly used BA supplementation protocols may 43 not come close to saturating muscle carnosine content. Neither baseline values, nor sex, appear to influence subsequent response to supplementation. 44 Analysis of individual data indicated that Mcarn is relatively stable in the absence of intervention, and effectually all participants respond to BA 45 supplementation (99.3% response [95%CrI: 96.2 -100]).46 47

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Skeletal Muscle has Large Capacity to Increase Carnosine Content in Response to Beta-Alanine Supplementation. A Systematic Review with Bayesian Individual and Aggregate Data E-Max Model and Meta-Analysis

Rezende

Swinton

Oliveira

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Ablation of Sam50 is associated with fragmentation and alterations in metabolism in murine and human myotubes

Shao,

Killion,

Oliver

et al. 2024

Journal Cellular Physiology

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The sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) Complex is responsible for assembling β‐barrel proteins in the mitochondrial membrane. Comprising three subunits, Sam35, Sam37, and Sam50, the SAM complex connects the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes by interacting with the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system complex. Sam50, in particular, stabilizes the mitochondrial intermembrane space bridging (MIB) complex, which is crucial for protein transport, respiratory chain complex assembly, and regulation of cristae integrity. While the role of Sam50 in mitochondrial structure and metabolism in skeletal muscle remains unclear, this study aims to investigate its impact. Serial block‐face‐scanning electron microscopy and computer‐assisted 3D renderings were employed to compare mitochondrial structure and networking in Sam50‐deficient myotubes from mice and humans with wild‐type (WT) myotubes. Furthermore, autophagosome 3D structure was assessed in human myotubes. Mitochondrial metabolic phenotypes were assessed using Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry‐based metabolomics to explore differential changes in WT and Sam50‐deficient myotubes. The results revealed increased mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagosome formation in Sam50‐deficient myotubes compared to controls. Metabolomic analysis indicated elevated metabolism of propanoate and several amino acids, including ß‐Alanine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, along with increased amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in Sam50‐deficient myotubes. Furthermore, impairment of oxidative capacity was observed upon Sam50 ablation in both murine and human myotubes, as measured with the XF24 Seahorse Analyzer. Collectively, these findings support the critical role of Sam50 in establishing and maintaining mitochondrial integrity, cristae structure, and mitochondrial metabolism. By elucidating the impact of Sam50‐deficiency, this study enhances our understanding of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle.

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24-Week β-alanine ingestion does not affect muscle taurine or clinical blood parameters in healthy males

et al. 2018

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Purpose To investigate the effects of chronic beta-alanine (BA) supplementation on muscle taurine content, blood clinical markers and sensory side-effects. Methods Twenty-five healthy male participants (age 27 ± 4 years, height 1.75 ± 0.09 m, body mass 78.9 ± 11.7 kg) were supplemented with 6.4 g day −1 of sustained-release BA (N = 16; CarnoSyn™, NAI, USA) or placebo (PL; N = 9; maltodextrin) for 24 weeks. Resting muscle biopsies of the m. vastus lateralis were taken at 0, 12 and 24 weeks and analysed for taurine content (BA, N = 12; PL, N = 6) using high-performance liquid chromatography. Resting venous blood samples were taken every 4 weeks and analysed for markers of renal, hepatic and muscle function (BA, N = 15; PL, N = 8; aspartate transaminase; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; lactate dehydrogenase; albumin; globulin; creatinine; estimated glomerular filtration rate and creatine kinase). Results There was a significant main effect of group (p = 0.04) on muscle taurine, with overall lower values in PL, although there was no main effect of time or interaction effect (both p > 0.05) and no differences between specific timepoints (week 0,

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Twenty-four Weeks of β-Alanine Supplementation on Carnosine Content, Related Genes, and Exercise

Cited by 82 publications

References 30 publications

Human Skeletal Muscle has Large Capacity to Increase Carnosine Content in Response to Beta-Alanine Supplementation. A Systematic Review with Bayesian Individual and Aggregate Data E-Max Model and Meta-Analysis

Human Skeletal Muscle has Large Capacity to Increase Carnosine Content in Response to Beta-Alanine Supplementation. A Systematic Review with Bayesian Individual and Aggregate Data E-Max Model and Meta-Analysis

Ablation of Sam50 is associated with fragmentation and alterations in metabolism in murine and human myotubes

24-Week β-alanine ingestion does not affect muscle taurine or clinical blood parameters in healthy males

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