Twenty-three years of percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) – State of the art and future prospects
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Cited by 5 publications
References 31 publications
The sections in this article are Photonic Instruments in Medicine Introduction Optical Window of Cells and Tissues Laser Light–Matter Interaction as a Function of Intensity Photochemical Treatment of Tissues Thermal Processes in Light–Matter Interaction Nonlinear Processes in Light–Matter Interaction (Not to Be Confused with Nonlinear Optics) Minimally Invasive Diagnostics – Endoscopy History Types and Components of Endoscopes Advantages and Disadvantages of Endoscopy Application Fields Combination of Standard White Light Endoscopic with Other Diagnostic Methods Some Trends in Endoscopy Noninvasive Diagnostics – Photoplethysmography Introduction Characterization of the PPG Signal Signal Acquisition Clinical Applications Summary Noninvasive Diagnostics – Ophthalmology Introduction Corneal Topography Perimetry Optical Biometry Retinal Imaging and Glaucoma Diagnostics Fluorescein Angiography Wavefront Analysis In Vitro Diagnostics – Microscopy Light Microscope Fluorescence Microscope New Fluorescence Microscope Techniques Confocal Microscopy Raman Microscopy In Vitro Diagnostics – Digital Slides and Virtual Microscopy In Vitro Diagnostics – Optical Methods in Clinical Analysis System Optical Spectroscopy of Blood and Urine Components Optical Spectroscopy of Tissues and Vessels Optical Spectroscopy of Agglutination and Precipitation – Nephelometry, Turbidimetry In Vitro Diagnostics – Blood Gas Pressure Measurements Optical Detection of p O 2 in Blood Optical Detection of p CO 2 in Blood Optical Detection of Further Monitoring Parameters in Intensive Care (Temperature, p H ) In Vitro Diagnostics – Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Therapy Introduction Laser Therapy in Ophthalmology – LASIK (Refraction Correction by Cornea Treatment) Photonic Instruments in Biotechnology Introduction Selected Analytical Methods Introduction Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy ( RIf S ) Surface Plasmon Resonance ( SPR ) Fluorescence Methods Advanced Microscopic Techniques (Selection) Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay ( ELISA ) Optical Biosensors, Biochips, Miniaturized Analytical Systems High‐Throughput Screening ( HTS ) Sample Preparation: Flow Injection Analysis Fermentation as a Central Process of Biotechnology General Aspects Fermentation Control Photobioreactors Optical Trap/Optical Tweezers Basic Scheme of Laser Tweezers and Micromanipulation Applications of Optical Tweezers
The sections in this article are Photonic Instruments in Medicine Introduction Optical Window of Cells and Tissues Laser Light–Matter Interaction as a Function of Intensity Photochemical Treatment of Tissues Thermal Processes in Light–Matter Interaction Nonlinear Processes in Light–Matter Interaction (Not to Be Confused with Nonlinear Optics) Minimally Invasive Diagnostics – Endoscopy History Types and Components of Endoscopes Advantages and Disadvantages of Endoscopy Application Fields Combination of Standard White Light Endoscopic with Other Diagnostic Methods Some Trends in Endoscopy Noninvasive Diagnostics – Photoplethysmography Introduction Characterization of the PPG Signal Signal Acquisition Clinical Applications Summary Noninvasive Diagnostics – Ophthalmology Introduction Corneal Topography Perimetry Optical Biometry Retinal Imaging and Glaucoma Diagnostics Fluorescein Angiography Wavefront Analysis In Vitro Diagnostics – Microscopy Light Microscope Fluorescence Microscope New Fluorescence Microscope Techniques Confocal Microscopy Raman Microscopy In Vitro Diagnostics – Digital Slides and Virtual Microscopy In Vitro Diagnostics – Optical Methods in Clinical Analysis System Optical Spectroscopy of Blood and Urine Components Optical Spectroscopy of Tissues and Vessels Optical Spectroscopy of Agglutination and Precipitation – Nephelometry, Turbidimetry In Vitro Diagnostics – Blood Gas Pressure Measurements Optical Detection of p O 2 in Blood Optical Detection of p CO 2 in Blood Optical Detection of Further Monitoring Parameters in Intensive Care (Temperature, p H ) In Vitro Diagnostics – Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Therapy Introduction Laser Therapy in Ophthalmology – LASIK (Refraction Correction by Cornea Treatment) Photonic Instruments in Biotechnology Introduction Selected Analytical Methods Introduction Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy ( RIf S ) Surface Plasmon Resonance ( SPR ) Fluorescence Methods Advanced Microscopic Techniques (Selection) Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay ( ELISA ) Optical Biosensors, Biochips, Miniaturized Analytical Systems High‐Throughput Screening ( HTS ) Sample Preparation: Flow Injection Analysis Fermentation as a Central Process of Biotechnology General Aspects Fermentation Control Photobioreactors Optical Trap/Optical Tweezers Basic Scheme of Laser Tweezers and Micromanipulation Applications of Optical Tweezers
Comparison of Intervertebral Disc Injuries Caused By Different Diode Laser Wavelengths
Background: Laser discectomy or laser nucleotomy comprises an increasingly important place in less invasive spinal procedures, but the ideal laser is still a subject of study. This research was aimed to compare the action of diode laser at different wavelengths, as well as the volume of the vaporization lesion caused by the different wavelengths in the percutaneous decompression procedures of the intervertebral disc (nucleotomy).Methods: Six pigs' lumbar columns had their intervertebral discs (region L1 to L5) underwent punctureinduced injury. The columns were then subjected to the nuclear magnetic resonance (MR) for pre-irradiation analysis. Later, the discs were irradiated with a laser at the wavelengths of 808 nm (G808), 980 nm (G980), 1470 nm (G1470) and 1908 nm (G1908), or not irradiated (Control group). The columns were then destined for MR and then immersed in 10% buffered formalin for histological analysis. After being decalcified the intervertebral discs were dissected and processed for paraffin embedding. Transverse sections of the disks were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histomorphometry and carbonized and bubble areas were measured. Results:The lesions were equivalent within each group and there was no difference between the groups in the pre-irradiation. In the post-irradiation evaluation, the MR showed that the volume of the intervertebral disc lesion was smaller in the G1470 and G1908 groups compared to the other groups. The G808 and G980 groups showed a higher thickness of carbonized area compared to groups G1470 and G1908. In addition, G980 presented higher thickness bubble area compared to the other groups. These lesions were more pronounced and more localized in the G808 and G980 groups, compared the 1470 nm and 1908 nm lasers, which caused broader but less intense lesions. Conclusion:The intervertebral disc lesions caused by the 808 nm and 980 nm laser are more intense but more focal, compared to the 1470 nm and 1908 nm laser.
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