Twenty Years After The Economic Restructuring Of Eastern Europe: An Economic Review

Giannaros, Demetrios S.

doi:10.19030/iber.v7i11.3306

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This may increase the level of human capital and its capability to achieve higher paid jobs(Jiang et al 2010). There are similar studies on Eastern European countries (e.g Giannaros 2008;Fabry and Zeghni 2007)…”

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confidence: 60%

Foreign Investment and Ethics: How to Contribute to Social Responsibility by Doing Business in Less-Developed Countries

Bardy

Drew

Kennedy³

2011

J Bus Ethics

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Do foreign direct investment (FDI) and international business ventures promote positive social and economic development in emerging nations? This question will always prove contentious. First, the impacts differ according to context. Second, the social consequences and spillover effects of knowledge diffusion and technologysharing may be limited and hard to measure. Third, contributions to enhancing social responsibility and improving living standards in host countries are delayed in effect, causally complex, and also hard to measure. Outcomes often critically depend on collaboration of governments, international institutions, the business world, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Research in this area is challenging and requires interdisciplinary collaboration between economists, financial experts, sociologists, ethicists, and other specialists. This paper explores: (1) the evidence to support the proposition that FDI and international business improve social conditions in less-developed countries, and: (2) how these improvements are linked to strategies of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ethical business practice. The paper draws insights from development, FDI, poverty alleviation, and bottom-of-thepyramid (BOP) literature. Applications are demonstrated using examples from poverty-stricken areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper attempts not only to argue theoretically but also to provide practical evidence. The approach is simultaneously descriptive, analytical, and prescriptive in order to address a wide audience. It also highlights issues and trends for further academic research and presents the viewpoint that some limitations lie in the nature of ethics frameworks widely referenced in business and that these often fail to consider the compatibility of ethical constructs with relevant incentives. In this vein, we explore the application of Homann's framework for advantage and incentive-based ethics.

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confidence: 60%

Foreign Investment and Ethics: How to Contribute to Social Responsibility by Doing Business in Less-Developed Countries

Bardy

Drew

Kennedy³

2011

J Bus Ethics

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“…However, data on these relationships in Central and Eastern European countries are limited [9,10]. In countries such as Poland, where significant changes or second demographic transition coincide with political reforms during the last decades [11,12], the identification of birth weight-related factors can be interesting. The demographic crisis worsened as a result of reforms that improved education, widened access to higher education, and increased the professional activity of women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequalities in Birth Weight in Relation to Maternal Factors: A Population-Based Study of 3,813,757 Live Births

Genowska

Motkowski

Strukčinskaitė

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Despite numerous studies of women having children later in life, evidence of the relationship between maternal factors and newborn outcomes in Central and Eastern European countries is limited. This study aimed to examine the association between maternal age, biological determinants, including parity and sex of the newborn, demographic and social background, and birth weight in 3.8 million singleton live births in Poland. Methods: The effect of maternal age on birth weight (in grams and Z-scores) adjusted for confounders was assessed using Generalized Linear Models. Results: The mean (±SD) birth weights of neonates born to primiparous women and multiparous women were 3356.3 ± 524.9 g and 3422.7 ± 538.6 g, respectively, which corresponded to a Z-score of −0.07 ± 0.96 and 0.14 ± 1.00, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). After controlling for biological, demographic, and social factors, a significant decrease in birth weight was found for primiparous women of the age group ≥30 years and multiparous women aged ≥35 years compared to the age group of 25–29 years. The lowest neonatal birth weight was observed in the case of women aged ≥45 years. Confounders did not affect birth weight Z-scores among primiparous women, whereas among multiparous women, together with educational factors, they reversed Z-scores from positive to negative values. The lower birth weight of neonates was overall associated with lower maternal education. Conclusions: Regardless of parity, advanced maternal age is strongly associated with a decreased neonatal birth weight, implying complications in early pregnancy and the antenatal period as well as obstetric complications. Counseling to support women’s family planning decisions and improving women’s education during their reproductive age may help to alleviate unfavorable newborn outcomes.

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“…Among the Central and Eastern European countries, Poland was the first country to initiate political changes and transition to a market economy in 1989 [20]. As a result, there was a gradual, general improvement in living conditions and quality of life, but the benefits did not extend evenly across all segments of the society [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Area-Based Socio-Economic Inequalities in Mortality from Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases

Polak

Genowska

Szafraniec

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Background: After political transformation in 1989/1990, Poland experienced a general improvement in living conditions and quality of life, but the benefits did not extend evenly across all segments of the society. We hypothesized that the regional differences in mortality due to diseases of the respiratory system are related to socioeconomic status (SES) and its changes over time. Materials and methods: An ecological study was carried out in 66 sub-regions of Poland using the data from the period of 2010 to 2014. Age-standardized mortality rates (SMRs) were calculated separately for men and women in three age categories: ≥15, 25–64 years, and ≥65 years. An area-based SES index was derived from the characteristics of the sub-regions using the z-score method. Multiple weighted linear regression models were constructed to estimate a real socioeconomic gradient for mortality resulting from lung cancer and respiratory diseases. Results: In the regions studied, the SMRs for respiratory disease varied from 70/100,000 to 215/100,000 in men and from 18/100,000 to 53/100,000 in women. The SMRs for lung cancer varied from 36/100,000 to 110/100,000 among men and from 26/100,000 to 77/100,000 among women. After adjusting for the prevalence of smoking and environmental pollution, the SES index was found to be inversely associated with the SMR for lung cancer in each category of age among men, and in the age group of 25–64 years among women. An increase of the SES index between 2010 and 2014 was associated with a decrease of SMR for respiratory disease both in men and women, but this change was not significantly associated with the SMR for lung cancer. Conclusion: SES appears to be an important correlate of mortality from respiratory diseases and lung cancer at the population level, particularly in men. A lower SES was associated with greater mortality from lung cancer and respiratory diseases. An increase in SES over time was related to a decrease in mortality from respiratory disease, but not from lung cancer.

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Twenty Years After The Economic Restructuring Of Eastern Europe: An Economic Review

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Foreign Investment and Ethics: How to Contribute to Social Responsibility by Doing Business in Less-Developed Countries

Foreign Investment and Ethics: How to Contribute to Social Responsibility by Doing Business in Less-Developed Countries

Inequalities in Birth Weight in Relation to Maternal Factors: A Population-Based Study of 3,813,757 Live Births

Area-Based Socio-Economic Inequalities in Mortality from Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases

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