Twilight effects of low doses of ionizing radiation on cellular systems: a bird’s eye view on current concepts and research

Postiglione, Ilaria; Chiaviello, Angela; Palumbo, Giuseppe

doi:10.1007/s12032-009-9241-9

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Radiation-induced apoptosis is considered to be p53-dependent. ( 39 – 48 ) In this study, the level of P53 did not show significant change. In addition, the levels of CASP3 and CASP9 did not show change.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

MnSOD downregulation induced by extremely low 0.1 mGy single and fractionated X-rays and microgravity treatment in human neuroblastoma cell line, NB-1

Indo

Tomiyoshi

Suenaga

et al. 2015

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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A human neuroblastoma cell line, NB-1, was treated with 24 h of microgravity simulation by clinostat, or irradiated with extremely small X-ray doses of 0.1 or 1.0 mGy using single and 10 times fractionation regimes with 1 and 2 h time-intervals. A quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) examination was performed for apoptosis related factors (BAX, CYTC, APAF1, VDAC1–3, CASP3, CASP8, CASP9 P53, AIF, ANT1 and 2, BCL2, MnSOD, autophagy related BECN and necrosis related CYP-40. The qRT-PCR results revealed that microgravity did not result in significant changes except for a upregulation of proapoptotic VDAC2, and downregulations of proapoptotic CASP9 and antiapoptotic MnSOD. After 0.1 mGy fractionation irradiation, there was increased expression of proapoptotic APAF1 and downregulation of proapoptotic CYTC, VDAC2, VDAC3, CASP8, AIF, ANT1, and ANT2, as well as an increase in expression of antiapoptotic BCL2. There was also a decrease in MnSOD expression with 0.1 mGy fractionation irradiation. These results suggest that microgravity and low-dose radiation may decrease apoptosis but may potentially increase oxidative stress.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

MnSOD downregulation induced by extremely low 0.1 mGy single and fractionated X-rays and microgravity treatment in human neuroblastoma cell line, NB-1

Indo

Tomiyoshi

Suenaga

et al. 2015

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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“…Perhaps intercellular bridges do allow passage of a signal for entering the "critical stage" of meiosis through an unknown mechanism. Interestingly, mammalian somatic cells die through a p53-dependent mechanism if they fail to complete cytokinesis (Postiglione et al 2009). For germ cells, incomplete cytokinesis is the norm and it is completion that results in increased apoptosis (Greenbaum et al 2006).…”

Section: Mammalian Intercellular Bridgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germ Cell Intercellular Bridges

Greenbaum

Iwamori

Buchold

et al. 2011

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

207

190

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Stable intercellular bridges are a conserved feature of gametogenesis in multicellular animals observed more than 100 years ago, but their function was unknown. Many of the components necessary for this structure have been identified through the study of cytokinesis in Drosophila; however, mammalian intercellular bridges have distinct properties from those of insects. Mammalian germ cell intercellular bridges are composed of general cytokinesis components with additional germ cell -specific factors including TEX14. TEX14 is an inactive kinase essential for the maintenance of stable intercellular bridges in gametes of both sexes but whose loss specifically impairs male meiosis. TEX14 acts to impede the terminal steps of abscission by competing for essential component CEP55, blocking its interaction in nongerm cells with ALIX and TSG101. Additionally, TEX14-interacting protein RBM44, whose localization in stabile intercellular bridges is limited to pachytene and secondary spermatocytes, may participate in processes such as RNA transport but is nonessential to the maintenance of intercellular bridge stability.

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“…The term bystander effect has been used to describe an effect in which cells that have not been exposed to radiation are affected by irradiated cells though various intercellular signaling mechanisms [1], [2], [3]. This phenomenon occurs when cells that are not directly exposed to radiation, but receive signals from irradiated cells, respond as though they were irradiated [4], [5]. Micronucleus formation, sister chromatid exchange, DNA double strand breaks, genomic instability are bystander effects that have been reported in non-irradiated cells and have been extensively studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Doses of Gamma-Irradiation Induce an Early Bystander Effect in Zebrafish Cells Which Is Sufficient to Radioprotect Cells

et al. 2014

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The term “bystander effect” is used to describe an effect in which cells that have not been exposed to radiation are affected by irradiated cells though various intracellular signaling mechanisms. In this study we analyzed the kinetics and mechanisms of bystander effect and radioadaptation in embryonic zebrafish cells (ZF4) exposed to chronic low dose of gamma rays. ZF4 cells were irradiated for 4 hours with total doses of gamma irradiation ranging from 0.01–0.1 Gy. In two experimental conditions, the transfer of irradiated cells or culture medium from irradiated cells results in the occurrence of DNA double strand breaks in non-irradiated cells (assessed by the number of γ-H2AX foci) that are repaired at 24 hours post-irradiation whatever the dose. At low total irradiation doses the bystander effect observed does not affect DNA repair mechanisms in targeted and bystander cells. An increase in global methylation of ZF4 cells was observed in irradiated cells and bystander cells compared to control cells. We observed that pre-irradiated cells which are then irradiated for a second time with the same doses contained significantly less γ-H2AX foci than in 24 h gamma-irradiated control cells. We also showed that bystander cells that have been in contact with the pre-irradiated cells and then irradiated alone present less γ-H2AX foci compared to the control cells. This radioadaptation effect is significantly more pronounced at the highest doses. To determine the factors involved in the early events of the bystander effect, we performed an extensive comparative proteomic study of the ZF4 secretomes upon irradiation. In the experimental conditions assayed here, we showed that the early events of bystander effect are probably not due to the secretion of specific proteins neither the oxidation of these secreted proteins. These results suggest that early bystander effect may be due probably to a combination of multiple factors.

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Twilight effects of low doses of ionizing radiation on cellular systems: a bird’s eye view on current concepts and research

Cited by 5 publications

References 147 publications

MnSOD downregulation induced by extremely low 0.1 mGy single and fractionated X-rays and microgravity treatment in human neuroblastoma cell line, NB-1

MnSOD downregulation induced by extremely low 0.1 mGy single and fractionated X-rays and microgravity treatment in human neuroblastoma cell line, NB-1

Germ Cell Intercellular Bridges

Low Doses of Gamma-Irradiation Induce an Early Bystander Effect in Zebrafish Cells Which Is Sufficient to Radioprotect Cells

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