Twin Studies and Behavior Genetics

Blokland, Gabriëlla A.M.; Mosing, Miriam A.; Verweij, Karin J. H.; Medland, Sarah E.

doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199934898.013.0010

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…These two correlations did not significantly differ (Fisher r-to-z transformation; p = 0.1), indicating that most of the variance in face IP is likely attributable to environmental factors. To obtain a more precise estimate of the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to face IP, we fit a standard ACE twin model that includes additive genetic influences (A), shared environmental influences (C), as well as unshared environmental influences and measurement error (E) using structural equation modeling techniques [15]. Controlling for age and sex, the ACE model attributed 22% of variance to (A) additive genetic factors, 0% to (C) shared environmental factors, and 78% to (E) individual or unshared environment/measurement error (see Fig 2B and Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Aesthetic Preferences for Faces Are Shaped Mostly by Environments, Not Genes

et al. 2015

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Summary Although certain characteristics of human faces are broadly considered more attractive (e.g. symmetry, averageness), people also routinely disagree with each other on the relative attractiveness of faces. That is, to some significant degree, beauty is in the “eye of the beholder”. Here, we investigate the origins of these individual differences in face preferences using a twin design, allowing us to estimate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental variation to individual face attractiveness judgments or face preferences. We first show that individual face preferences (IP) can be reliably measured and are readily dissociable from other types of attractiveness judgments (e.g. judgments of scenes, objects). Next we show that individual face preferences result primarily from environments that are unique to each individual. This is in striking contrast to individual differences in face identity recognition, which result primarily from variations in genes [1]. We thus complete an etiological double dissociation between two core domains of social perception (judgments of identity versus attractiveness) within the same visual stimulus (the face). At the same time, we provide an example, rare in behavioral genetics, of a reliably and objectively measured behavioral characteristic where variations are shaped mostly by the environment. The large impact of experience on individual face preferences provides a novel window into the evolution and architecture of the social brain, while lending new empirical support to the long-standing claim that environments shape individual notions of what is attractive.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Aesthetic Preferences for Faces Are Shaped Mostly by Environments, Not Genes

et al. 2015

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“…The classical twin design provides insights into the emergence of an individual's PSM and offers multiple contributions to PSM research and theory. While investigating the relative effects of additive genetics (A), common environment (C), and unique environmental influences (E) on an individual's PSM is novel to public administration and public management, this approach is firmly anchored in the behavioral genetics tradition that untangles the effects of socialization processes from genetic influences on individuals' attitudes and traits (Blokland et al, 2013). The ACE model offers a unique perspective on the antecedent factors that drive PSM's development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the foundational origins of public service motivation through the lens of behavioral genetics

Florczak

Rasmussen

Jensen

et al. 2022

Public Administration

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about its origins continue to evade scholars: Is PSM driven by genetics, socialized through experiences, or both? If PSM is socialized, when does socialization occur? Answering these questions is critical for reconciling the state vs trait debate, and for assessing the validity of practical implications prescribed by PSM studies. Utilizing "nature's own experiment", we adopt a classical twin-design with 1,035 twin pairs to identify how genetic heritability, a common environment, or unique environment and experiences can explain variation in PSM. Resultsshow that PSM is heavily influenced by individuals' unique environments and experiences; not by genetics. This lends strong evidence to PSM's uniqueness as a motivational construct as related "other-regarding" concepts show sizeable genetic components. Finally, our results corroborate that PSM is a human resource with dynamic properties organizations can cultivate to enhance productivity in public service workforces.

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“…The current study used biometric modeling with twin data to examine genetic and environmental contributions of variance to childhood maltreatment and adult health. As with all statistical modeling with the twin design, our analyses rested on certain assumptions: the assumption that twins can be generalized to the general population; that there is no assortative mating between parents of twins, which would result in DZ twins having genetic similarity greater than 50%; and the equal environments assumption, that the shared environments of MZ twins and DZ twins contribute equally to their resemblance (see Blokland et al, 2013, for more details).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Environmental Overlap Between Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Physical Health

2015

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Past research demonstrates a phenotypic relationship between childhood maltreatment and adult health problems. Explanations of this association usually point to either: (a) a direct causal link, whereby exposure to early stress disrupts biological functioning during sensitive periods of development; or (b) an indirect effect operating through socioeconomic attainment, poor health behaviors, or some other pathway leading from childhood to adulthood. The current study examined whether the association between childhood maltreatment and adult health reflects genetic or environmental mediation. Using a large sample of adult American twins, we separately estimated univariate biometric models of child maltreatment and adult physical health, followed by a bivariate biometric model to estimate genetic and environmental correlations between the two variables. We found that a summary count of chronic health conditions shared nontrivial genetic overlap with childhood maltreatment. Our results have implications for understanding the relationship between maltreatment and health as one of active interplay rather than a simple cause and effect model that views maltreatment as an exogenous shock.

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Twin Studies and Behavior Genetics

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Individual Aesthetic Preferences for Faces Are Shaped Mostly by Environments, Not Genes

Individual Aesthetic Preferences for Faces Are Shaped Mostly by Environments, Not Genes

Exploring the foundational origins of public service motivation through the lens of behavioral genetics

Genetic and Environmental Overlap Between Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Physical Health

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