Two and One-Half Year Retention of a Conditioned Response

Wendt, G. R.

doi:10.1080/00221309.1937.9917988

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with the results of Razran (1939) and Wendt (1937) which revealed that conditioned responses are retained over long periods. They are also consistent with those of Thomas, Ost, and Thomas (1960).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

STIMULUS ASPECTS OF AVERSIVE CONTROLS: THE RETENTION OF CONDITIONED SUPPRESSION¹

Hoffman

Fleshler

Jensen

1963

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Three years ago a tone ending in unavoidable electrical shock was periodically presented to pigeons while they pecked a key for food. When pecking was disrupted by tone, shock was disconnected and the training tone as well as tones of different frequencies were presented. At first, all tones caused a reduction in the rate of pecking, but as testing proceeded, suppression began to extinguish and the gradient narrowed. In the present work, testing was resumed after a 2(1/2)-yr interruption. Analysis of the gradients obtained just before and just after the interruption yielded no evidence of changes with the passage of time. As testing proceeded, however, extinction of suppression continued and the gradient all but disappeared. In subsequent experiments with these subjects (Ss) it was found that the presentation of free shocks caused a reappearance of the gradient and that this effect persisted in reduced amount for several sessions after the shock condition was terminated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

STIMULUS ASPECTS OF AVERSIVE CONTROLS: THE RETENTION OF CONDITIONED SUPPRESSION¹

Hoffman

Fleshler

Jensen

1963

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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“…Finally, suppression after the stress condition was slightly higher than just before it and remained higher across the most recent 1.5-yr interruption. Razran (1939) and Wendt (1937) have found that classically conditioned responses are retained over interruptions as long as those employed here. Moreover, Thomas, Ost, and Thomas (1960) have found that the gradient of stimulus generalization of responses based on postive reinforcement exhibits negligible changes over a 21-day interruption in testing.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

STIMULUS ASPECTS OF AVERSIVE CONTROLS: LONG TERM EFFECTS OF SUPPRESSION PROCEDURES¹

Hoffman

Selekman

Fleshler

1966

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Five years ago, pigeons trained to peck a key for food were periodically presented with a 1000 cps tone which ended with electrical shock. They were then tested for the stimulus generalization of conditioned suppression. After an interruption of 2.5 yr, another series of generalization tests showed no loss of suppression. The present study was conducted 1.5 yr later to retest the effect of an extended interruption on retention of suppression. It was found, again, that suppression did not decline over time. The present paper, which summarizes the earlier data and reports the most recent findings, provides an overview of the extended behavioral consequences of the original aversive procedures administered five years ago.

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“…Numerous studies from a wide variety of paradigms supply evidence supporting the present view. Evidence obviously consistent with the view that memories are not permanently lost comes from studies that Wendt (1937) conditioned an avoidance response, withdrawing a foot upon the presentation of a tone, until the dog responded accurately on 97% of the trials. Two and one-half years later, the animal received three reminder trials (footshock only) but no other opportunities to learn or practice.…”

Section: Remembering Andmentioning

confidence: 52%

Remembering and forgetting as context discrimination.

Capaldi¹,

Neath²

1995

Learning & Memory

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Two and One-Half Year Retention of a Conditioned Response

Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

STIMULUS ASPECTS OF AVERSIVE CONTROLS: THE RETENTION OF CONDITIONED SUPPRESSION¹

STIMULUS ASPECTS OF AVERSIVE CONTROLS: THE RETENTION OF CONDITIONED SUPPRESSION¹

STIMULUS ASPECTS OF AVERSIVE CONTROLS: LONG TERM EFFECTS OF SUPPRESSION PROCEDURES¹

Remembering and forgetting as context discrimination.

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Two and One-Half Year Retention of a Conditioned Response

Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

STIMULUS ASPECTS OF AVERSIVE CONTROLS: THE RETENTION OF CONDITIONED SUPPRESSION1

STIMULUS ASPECTS OF AVERSIVE CONTROLS: THE RETENTION OF CONDITIONED SUPPRESSION1

STIMULUS ASPECTS OF AVERSIVE CONTROLS: LONG TERM EFFECTS OF SUPPRESSION PROCEDURES1

Remembering and forgetting as context discrimination.

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Product

Resources

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STIMULUS ASPECTS OF AVERSIVE CONTROLS: THE RETENTION OF CONDITIONED SUPPRESSION¹

STIMULUS ASPECTS OF AVERSIVE CONTROLS: THE RETENTION OF CONDITIONED SUPPRESSION¹

STIMULUS ASPECTS OF AVERSIVE CONTROLS: LONG TERM EFFECTS OF SUPPRESSION PROCEDURES¹