Two Aspects of Decadal ENSO Variability Modulating the Long‐Term Global Carbon Cycle

Park, So-Won; Kim, Jin‐Soo; Kug, Jong‐Seong; Stuecker, Malte F.; Kim, In‐Won; Williams, Mathew

doi:10.1029/2019gl086390

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…This suggests that, other than ENSO events, IOD events can also drive variations in the regional terrestrial carbon cycling. Along with more frequent extreme pIOD events in future greenhouse warming, it may also modulate the long-term land carbon accumulations (Cai et al, 2014;Park et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced India‐Africa Carbon Uptake and Asia‐Pacific Carbon Release Associated With the 2019 Extreme Positive Indian Ocean Dipole

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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The 2019 extreme positive Indian Ocean dipole drove climate extremes over Indian Ocean rim countries with unclear carbon-cycle responses. We investigated its impact on net biome productivity (NBP) and its constituent fluxes, using the Global Carbon Assimilation System (GCASv2) product, process-based model simulations from TRENDYv9, and satellite-based gross primary productivity (GPP). By distinguishing two separate regions, the India-Africa and Asia-Pacific, GCASv2 indicated enhanced terrestrial carbon uptake of 0.23 ± 0.20 PgC and release of 0.38 ± 0.15 PgC, respectively, during September-December (SOND) 2019. These NBP anomalies had comparable magnitudes to those following the 2015 extreme El Niño which, however, caused the consistent carbon release in both regions. The TRENDYv9 model ensemble confirmed these NBP responses, albeit with smaller magnitudes. These regional NBP anomalies were related to soil moisture variations with a dominant role of GPP. Understanding the impact of IOD provides new insights into mechanisms driving interannual variations in regional carbon cycling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced India‐Africa Carbon Uptake and Asia‐Pacific Carbon Release Associated With the 2019 Extreme Positive Indian Ocean Dipole

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…On the one hand, higher temperatures could lead to a greater contribution of Rh and disturbances to NBP (Figure 9). Here, NBP is the net signal from different biogeochemical processes including NPP, Rh, and disturbances mainly including fire (Park et al, 2020). Therefore, the contribution of Rh and disturbances increases, which means that the intensity of carbon uptake is weakened.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and Regional Estimation of Carbon Uptake Using CMIP6 ESM Compared With TRENDY Ensembles at the Centennial Scale

Peng

Yang

et al. 2021

JGR Atmospheres

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To evaluate the ability of CMIP6 Earth System Models to simulate net biome production (NBP) changes caused by natural and man‐made forcing, the simulated NBP during the period 1901–2010 at global, hemispheric and regional scales was compared with the estimated NBP of the TRENDY ensemble. The annual NBP, globally and over the Northern Hemisphere and tropics, from the CMIP6 ensemble reflected well the TRENDY ensemble annual values from 1901 to 2010, and the correlation coefficient passed the 0.05 significance level. The annual NBP estimated by CMIP6 over the globe, Northern Hemisphere and tropics was 0.20 ± 0.46, 0.25 ± 0.34, and −0.02 ± 0.14 Pg C yr−1, respectively; while from the TRENDY ensemble it was 1.04 ± 0.41, 0.55 ± 0.24, and 0.43 ± 0.20 Pg C yr−1, respectively. The main weaknesses of the CMIP6 multi‐model ensemble simulation was the lower strength of NBP, especially at low latitudes. The simulated results showed higher soil respiration estimated by CMIP6 for these regions, especially in the Amazon Basin, than that by the TRENDY ensemble, which produced the greater NPB estimated by TRENDY. The CMIP6 ensemble exaggerated the increasing trend of carbon sinks between 30° and 60°N in the Northern Hemisphere after 1961, due to the stronger positive response of NPP (net primary production) in the high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere to global warming. The NBP during 1901–2010 could not be reproduced well by the CMIP6 ensemble in most sub‐regions, as evidenced by the failure to pass the statistical test at the 5% significance level in 70% of the sub‐regions in terms of the correlation coefficients with the TRENDY ensemble. In eastern Asia, for example, NBP was poorly estimated by the CMIP6 ensemble, as evidenced by negative correlation coefficients with the TRENDY ensemble.

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“…However, a greater negative relationship between the changes in global NPP and SST is shown in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, compared with the relationship between global mean soil moisture and SST. This is likely because the tropics are the main contributor to global NPP, which might be related to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (Kim et al, 2017;Park et al, 2020;Kim et al, 2021). Correspondingly, how ENSO, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and the Arctic Oscillation influence NPP through ocean-atmosphere teleconnections should be further investigated.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of radiative forcing of spatially varying CO2 concentrations on net primary production

Peng

Tang

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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The radiative forcing of spatially varying carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations has modified the climate by altering surface energy, the water budget, and carbon cycling. Over the past several decades, due to anthropogenic emissions, atmospheric CO2 concentrations in the whole terrestrial ecosystem have become greater than the global mean. The relationship between climatic variables and net primary production (NPP) can be regulated by the radiative forcing of this spatial variation. The present results show that owing to the radiative forcing of spatially varying CO2 concentrations, NPP has reduced globally by −0.6 Pg C yr−1. Region 2, with increased CO2 and decreased NPP, shows the greatest reductions, by −0.7 Pg C yr−1. Variations of both NPP and CO2 concentrations are distributed asymmetrically. As human activities are mainly located in the Northern Hemisphere, increased CO2 has mainly manifested in these regions. Especially in region 2, with increased CO2 and decreased NPP, increasing downward longwave radiation has heated the ground surface by 2.2 W m−2 and raised surface temperatures by 0.23°C. At the same time, due to the radiative forcing of spatial variations in CO2 concentrations, local dependence of NPP on soil moisture has increased due to enhanced temperature and evapotranspiration coupling, which may improve negative NPP anomalies locally, especially in region 2. With continued increasing CO2 concentrations, its spatial variation due to radiative forcing is likely to amplify warming and have a negative impact on NPP in the terrestrial ecosystem.

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Two Aspects of Decadal ENSO Variability Modulating the Long‐Term Global Carbon Cycle

Cited by 13 publications

References 73 publications

Enhanced India‐Africa Carbon Uptake and Asia‐Pacific Carbon Release Associated With the 2019 Extreme Positive Indian Ocean Dipole

Enhanced India‐Africa Carbon Uptake and Asia‐Pacific Carbon Release Associated With the 2019 Extreme Positive Indian Ocean Dipole

Global and Regional Estimation of Carbon Uptake Using CMIP6 ESM Compared With TRENDY Ensembles at the Centennial Scale

Impact of radiative forcing of spatially varying CO2 concentrations on net primary production

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