Two c-type lysozymes boost the innate immune system of the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis

Beckert, Annika; Wiesner, Jochen; Baumann, Andre; Pöppel, Anne-Kathrin; Vogel, Heiko; Vilcinskas, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2014.11.020

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The lysozyme complexes probably evolved for release through N. vespilloides anal secretions and diversified to produce multiple enzyme variants in this species. The c-type and i-type lysozymes expressed in the N. vespilloides gut could show either digestive or immunity-related functions, the latter by potentiating the activity of other AMPs such as coleoptericins2324. The diversity of AMPs and lysozymes may also protect against rapidly evolving pathogens or unpredictable pathogen diversity in the soil2526.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The digestive and defensive basis of carcass utilization by the burying beetle and its microbiota

et al. 2017

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Insects that use ephemeral resources must rapidly digest nutrients and simultaneously protect them from competitors. Here we use burying beetles (Nicrophorus vespilloides), which feed their offspring on vertebrate carrion, to investigate the digestive and defensive basis of carrion utilization. We characterize gene expression and microbiota composition in the gut, anal secretions, and on carcasses used by the beetles. We find a strict functional compartmentalization of the gut involving differential expression of immune effectors (antimicrobial peptides and lysozymes), as well as digestive and detoxifying enzymes. A distinct microbial community composed of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and a clade of ascomycetous yeasts (genus Yarrowia) is present in larval and adult guts, and is transmitted to the carcass via anal secretions, where the yeasts express extracellular digestive enzymes and produce antimicrobial compounds. Our results provide evidence of potential metabolic cooperation between the host and its microbiota for digestion, detoxification and defence that extends from the beetle's gut to its nutritional resource.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The digestive and defensive basis of carcass utilization by the burying beetle and its microbiota

et al. 2017

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“…Along these lines, farmland frogs harbored more potentially harmful bacteria in their guts than frogs from natural habitats (Chang, Huang, Lin, Huang, & Liao, ). A strong antimicrobial defense has been detected in the exotic H. axyridis (Beckert et al., ; Gross, Eben, Müller, & Wensing, ; Vilcinskas, Mukherjee, & Vogel, ) and is suggested as a potential mechanism driving invasive predator success (enemy release hypothesis; Roy, Handley, Schönrogge, Poland, & Purse, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiomes of mobile predators vary with landscape context and species identity

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et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Landscape context affects predator–prey interactions and predator diet composition, yet little is known about landscape effects on insect gut microbiomes, a determinant of physiology and condition. Here, we combine laboratory and field experiments to examine the effects of landscape context on the gut bacterial community and body condition of predatory insects. Under laboratory conditions, we found that prey diversity increased bacterial richness in insect guts. In the field, we studied the performance and gut microbiota of six predatory insect species along a landscape complexity gradient in two local habitat types (soybean fields vs. prairie). Insects from soy fields had richer gut bacteria and lower fat content than those from prairies, suggesting better feeding conditions in prairies. Species origin mediated landscape context effects, suggesting differences in foraging of exotic and native predators on a landscape scale. Overall, our study highlights complex interactions among gut microbiota, predator identity, and landscape context.

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“…For example, ctype-lysozymes from H. axyridis boost the antibacterial activity of co-expressed coleoptericins (Beckert et al, 2015), which are a family of AMPs restricted to the Coleoptera (Mylonakis et al, 2016). The diversity of the coleoptericin family has expanded during the evolution of H. axyridis (Vilcinskas et al, 2013a) and the genes are induced by up to 10,000-fold when the immune system is challenged (Vogel et al, 2017a).…”

Section: Phenotypic Variation Of Immunity-related Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and Immunological Features Promoting the Invasive Performance of the Harlequin Ladybird Harmonia axyridis

2017

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The harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis is now established as a model to test hypotheses explaining why some species become successfully invasive, while others, even closely related ones, do not. In this review, we evaluate behavioral and immunological features that may play a role in the invasive performance of this model species. We discuss the behavioral traits and associated semiochemicals that promote the invasive success of H. axyridis. In particular, we consider (1) the aggregative behavior and the particular role of long-chain hydrocarbons; (2) the importance of sex pheromones and non-volatile chemicals in mate location and selection; (3) the use of allelochemicals for prey location; and (4) the nature of chemicals that protect against natural enemies. We also highlight the superior immune system of H. axyridis, which encompasses a broader spectrum of antimicrobial peptides (and higher inducible expression levels) compared with native ladybird beetles such as Adalia bipunctata and Coccinella septempunctata. The chemical defense compound harmonine and the antimicrobial peptides are thought to confer resistance against the abundant microsporidia carried by H. axyridis. These parasites can infect and kill native ladybird species feeding on H. axyridis eggs or larvae, supporting the hypothesis that intraguild predation plays a role in the ability of H. axyridis to outcompete native ladybird species in newly-colonized areas.

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Two c-type lysozymes boost the innate immune system of the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis

Cited by 36 publications

References 41 publications

The digestive and defensive basis of carcass utilization by the burying beetle and its microbiota

The digestive and defensive basis of carcass utilization by the burying beetle and its microbiota

Gut microbiomes of mobile predators vary with landscape context and species identity

Behavioral and Immunological Features Promoting the Invasive Performance of the Harlequin Ladybird Harmonia axyridis

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