Two cases of combined anatomical variations: maxillofacial trunk, vertebral, posterior communicating and anterior cerebral atresia, linguofacial and labiomental trunks

Abstract

Background: Commonly, arterial anatomic variants are reported as single entities. However, different such variants can occur in a single patient. Materials and methods: During a retrospective study of computed tomography angiograms of 52 adult patients, two cases were found with unilateral maxillofacial trunks. In each case different other anatomic variants were documented. Results: The maxillofacial trunk in the first case was associated with bilateral posterior kinks of the internal carotid artery which passed beyond the transverse processes of the atlas vertebra and indented and displaced the internal jugular veins. Common carotid origins of the superior thyroid arteries were found, as well as a high origin of the contralateral facial artery. In the second case a plethora of variants were associated with a unilateral maxillofacial trunk: (1) direct occipital-vertebral arterial anastomosis; (2) ipsilateral atresia of the distal vertebral 2 artery and of the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery; (3) bilateral atresia of posterior communicating arteries; (4) linguofacial and labiomental trunks; (5) terminal trifurcation of the external carotid artery. Conclusions: The arterial anatomical variants of the head and neck should be carefully documented prior to specific surgical and interventional procedures, as well as for understanding the compensatory anatomical pathways of circulatory insufficiencies.

The Diversity of the Linguofacial Trunk

“…The linguofacial trunk (LFT) is commonly regarded and reported as a unique anatomical variant [2,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. This is true if one observes it just as a common trunk of origin of the LA and FA.…”

“…Previous studies and reports of the linguofacial trunk (LFT) are listed chronologically[6][7][8][9]11,12,14,[20][21][22][24][25][26]. D: dissection.…”