Two Cases of Paraprostatic Cysts in Castrated Male Dogs

Goodrich, Zachary J.; Wilke, Vicki L.; Kustritz, Margaret V. Root

doi:10.5326/jaaha-ms-5606

Cited by 9 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The prevalence of prostatic cysts in adult large-breed dogs has been reported to be approximately 14%, of which 42% had evidence of bacterial infection [7]. The aetiology of paraprostatic cysts is poorly understood, unlike that of prostatic retention cysts, which usually form as a result of benign hyperplasia of the prostate [13]. Paraprostatic cysts are found outside the prostate and have been found in association with remnants of the uterus masculinus [4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An unusual case of infected uterus masculinus in a dog

Kyllar

Čížek

2020

BMC Vet Res

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Background: Paraprostatic cysts are large structures that develop between the prostate gland and urinary bladder, usually in older, intact dogs. Their incidence is reported to be 1.1-5.3% in dogs with prostatic disease. The aetiology of paraprostatic cysts is not fully understood, but they are believed to develop from the uterus masculinus. Whereas the uterus masculinus has been reported to communicate with the urethra in men and horses, no communication between the uterus masculinus and urethra has been identified in dogs. Case presentation: An entire male dog was presented with a bloody discharge from its penis and tenesmus of 5 days' duration. A diagnosis of cystic uterus masculinus was made on the basis of the findings of abdominal ultrasonography and histopathology of tissues obtained during an exploratory laparotomy. In addition, a Sertoli cell tumour affecting both testes was diagnosed following scrotal castration. The cystic uterus masculinus was completely resected, after which the tenesmus and bloody discharge resolved. Thus, cystic uterus masculinus should be considered as a differential diagnosis for a paraprostatic cyst when such a lesion develops as part of the feminising effect of a Sertoli cell tumour. Conclusions: Cystic uterus masculinus should be considered as a differential diagnosis for tenesmus and penile discharge, and for structures resembling paraprostatic cysts. This case report confirms that a uterus masculinus can communicate with the urethra in dogs, as in other species, and demonstrates endocrine responsiveness, manifesting as epithelial and glandular metaplasia and mucus production, with the potential for subsequent infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An unusual case of infected uterus masculinus in a dog

Kyllar

Čížek

2020

BMC Vet Res

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“…Extraparenchymal cysts have also been reported in castrated dogs. 18 The common practice of castrating dogs even in cases of extraparenchymal cysts may be just routine, but, in part, it may be related to concomitant diseases requiring castration (cryptorchidism, testicular tumor, perineal hernia, BPH, and prostatitis). Additional studies are needed to understand whether castration is really necessary for treating extraparenchymal cysts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, surgery for PCs is recommended as a definitive treatment or in cases of recurrence after the use of minimally invasive procedures 5 . Only one case series has described the surgical management of PC in 18 dogs followed during a medium to long‐term follow‐up 17 ; most of the remaining veterinary literature includes studies dealing with only small numbers of dogs followed for a short period of time (range from no follow‐up to 24 months, with only 7 dogs followed for more than 5 months) 7,8,10,18 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical treatment and outcome of sterile prostatic cysts in dogs

et al. 2021

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Objective To describe the surgical treatment and outcome of a large cohort of dogs with sterile prostatic cysts (PCs). Study Design Retrospective study. Animals Forty‐four client‐owned dogs. Methods Dogs with sterile PCs with at least 6 months of follow‐up were included. Clinical variables, type of surgery, complications, recurrences, and outcomes (telephonic interviews or rechecks) were recorded. Results Extra‐ and intraparenchymal cysts were diagnosed in 29 and 11 dogs, respectively. Four dogs had both types. Extraparenchymal cysts were treated by partial resection and omentalization (n = 22) and complete resection (n = 7). Drainage and intracapsular omentalization were performed in all dogs with intraparenchymal cysts. The four dogs with both types of cyst were treated by omentalization. Resolution was documented in 39/44 dogs (88.6%). Intraoperative complications occurred in one dog (urethral tear). Major complications resulting in death occurred in three dogs (oliguric kidney injury, cardiac arrhythmia, and persisting urinary tract obstruction). Minor complications (n = 10) consisted of temporary urinary incontinence (n = 2), permanent urinary incontinence (n = 5), urinary retention (n = 2), and dysuria (n = 1). Recurrence occurred in two dogs with extraparenchymal cysts. Median long‐term follow‐up was 528 days (range, 250–730 days). Thirty‐nine dogs had no signs associated with prostatic disease at long‐term follow‐up. Conclusion Partial or complete resection and/or omentalization of sterile PCs led to resolution of clinical signs in most dogs, although postoperative urinary incontinence was frequent. Impact This study is the largest case series relative to canine sterile PCs treated surgically and provides evidence on the prognosis and rate of complications.

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“…Cystic enlargements in older dogs are reported to be stimulated by hyperoestrogenism associated with Sertoli cell tumors [34]. Although only 2 cases of paraprostatic cysts have been described in neutered male dogs [32], they should be considered a differential diagnosis in castrated male dogs with large prostatic cystic lesions [31,32,34,35]. Moreover, normal paraprostatic cysts may also be mineralized or even show bone formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual presentation of alveolar echinococcosis as prostatic and paraprostatic cysts in a dog

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAlveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the larval stage (metacestode) of Echinococcus multilocularis. The domestic dog can act as a definitive host and harbor adult cestodes in its small intestine or become an aberrant intermediate host carrying larval stages that may cause severe lesions in the liver, lungs and other organs with clinical signs similar to AE in humans.Case presentationA case of canine AE, affecting the liver and prostate with development of multilocular hydatid paraprostatic cysts and possible lung involvement is described in an 8–year-old neutered male Labrador retriever dog.The dog presented with progressive weight loss, acute constipation, stranguria and a suspected soft tissue mass in the sublumbar region. Further evaluation included computed tomography of the thorax and abdomen, which revealed cystic changes in the prostate, a paraprostatic cyst, as well as lesions in the liver and lungs. Cytological examination of fine-needle aspirates of the liver, prostate and paraprostatic cyst revealed parasitic hyaline membranes typical of an Echinococcus infection and the presence of E. multilocularis-DNA was confirmed by PCR.The dog was treated with albendazole and debulking surgery was considered in case there was a good response to antiparasitic treatment. Constipation and stranguria resolved completely. Six months after the definitive diagnosis, the dog was euthanized due to treatment-resistant ascites and acute anorexia and lethargy.ConclusionsTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first publication of an E. multilocularis infection in a dog causing prostatic and paraprostatic cysts. Although rare, E. multilocularis infection should be considered as an extended differential diagnosis in dogs presenting with prostatic and paraprostatic disease, especially in areas where E. multilocularis is endemic.

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Two Cases of Paraprostatic Cysts in Castrated Male Dogs

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

An unusual case of infected uterus masculinus in a dog

An unusual case of infected uterus masculinus in a dog

Surgical treatment and outcome of sterile prostatic cysts in dogs

Unusual presentation of alveolar echinococcosis as prostatic and paraprostatic cysts in a dog

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