Two closely related<i>Tulipa</i>species with different ploidy levels show distinct germination rates

Astuti, Giovanni; Pratesi, Sandro; Peruzzi, Lorenzo; Carta, Angelino

doi:10.1017/s0960258520000057

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Higher total germination in broader range of conditions of tetraploid A. odoratum indicating its higher phenotypic plasticity in comparison of diploid A. alpinum corresponds to other studies comparing diploid‐polyploid species pairs (e.g., Bretagnolle et al, 1995; Hoya et al, 2007; Eliášová and Münzbergová, 2014; Eliášová et al, 2014; Astuti et al, 2020). However, no effect of ploidy level on germination was recorded by Kelman and Forrester (1999) or Burton and Husband (2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Maternal effects strengthen interactions of temperature and precipitation, determining seed germination of dominant alpine grass species

Veselá

Hadincová

Vandvik

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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Despite the existence of many studies on the responses of plant species to climate change, there is a knowledge gap on how specific climatic factors and their interactions regulate seed germination in alpine species. This understanding is complicated by the interplay between responses of seeds to the environment experienced during germination, the environment experienced by the maternal plant during seed development and genetic adaptations of the maternal plant to its environment of origin. METHODS:The study species (Anthoxanthum alpinum, A. odoratum) originated from localities with factorial combinations of temperature and precipitation. Seed germination was tested in conditions simulating the extreme ends of the current field conditions and a climate change scenario. We compared the performance of field-collected seeds with that of garden-collected seeds. RESULTS:A change to warmer and wetter conditions resulted in the highest germination of A. alpinum, while A. odoratum germinated the most in colder temperature and with home moisture. The maternal environment did have an impact on plant performance of the study species. Field-collected seeds of A. alpinum tolerated warmer conditions better than those from the experimental garden. CONCLUSIONS:The results demonstrate how knowledge of responses to climate change can increase our ability to understand and predict the fate of alpine species. Studies that aim to understand the germination requirements of seeds under future climates should use experimental designs allowing the separation of genetic differentiation, plasticity and maternal effects and their interactions, since all these mechanisms play an important role in driving species' germination patterns.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Maternal effects strengthen interactions of temperature and precipitation, determining seed germination of dominant alpine grass species

Veselá

Hadincová

Vandvik

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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“…Moreover, understanding how life-history and functional seed traits interplay may support the potential domestication process of yet to be explored wild plants, unlocking their potential economic, nutritional, medicinal and cultural value (Mattana et al, 2022). However, because the relationship between GS and other plant traits increases at lower phenotypic scales and the strength of such relations varies between cell types and developmental stages (Knight and Beaulieu, 2008), future studies relating GS and seed traits should be encouraged, especially concerning seed functional traits directly linked to cell cycles and/or cell expansions like embryo growth and germination (Astuti et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlated evolution of seed mass and genome size varies among life forms in flowering plants

et al. 2022

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Seeds show important variation as plant regenerative units among species, but their evolutionary co-variations with other plant characteristics are still poorly understood. Whilst a positive association of seed mass with genome size (GS) and life forms has already been documented, a broad-scale quantification of their evolutionary correlation and adaptive selection has never been conducted. Here, we tested for correlated evolution of seed mass and GS towards distinct selective regimes related to life form in angiosperms. In particular, we tested the hypothesis that the selection toward lighter seeds and smaller genomes is stronger for annual plants, ensuring high regenerative potential. Using multivariate evolutionary models over a dataset containing 3242 species, we showed an overall positive correlated evolution of seed mass and GS deviating from a pure drift process. Instead, evolutionary changes in seed and genome sizes were driven by adaptive selection towards optimal values differing among life forms. Specifically, the evolutionary optima towards which the seed and genome sizes evolve show a covariation toward small values in annuals, intermediate values in perennial herbs and a trade-off between seed mass and GS in woody plants. Moreover, the evolutionary correlation between seed mass and GS is strongest in annuals as an adaption to complete their life cycle in a short time window, when environmental conditions are favourable for regeneration and development to maturity. The asymmetry in the correlated evolution acting on seed and genome sizes due to life form could explain how life-history traits interplay with functional traits and how plants have evolved diverse successful life-history strategies.

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“…There is still surprisingly little data on the ecological outcomes of relationships between ploidy and key plant traits ( Plue et al, 2018 ), and studies rarely investigate multiple life history stages. Perhaps the most well-supported relationship is that genome multiplication in polyploids is associated with phenotypic traits, such as larger flowers and heavier seeds than diploids ( Maceira et al, 1993 ; Bretagnolle et al, 1995 ; Hoya et al, 2007 ; Eliášová and Münzbergová, 2014 ; Godfree et al, 2017 ; Astuti et al, 2020 ; Stevens et al, 2020 ), which is often attributed to larger cell size. Whether ploidy related seed size variation results in the same well-known ecological benefits of larger seed size ( Leishman et al, 1995 , 2000 ; Moles and Westoby, 2004b ), or if other factors offset these advantages, largely remains unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there are clear relationships between seed size and the speed of germination (rate; Norden et al, 2009 ) or seedling growth rate ( Swanborough and Westoby, 1996 ), where smaller seeds germinate faster and have a faster seedling relative growth rate (RGR) than larger seeds, there are variable relationships between ploidy and seed germination or seedling growth rates. Polyploidy can be positively related to seed germination rate ( Hoya et al, 2007 ; Astuti et al, 2020 ) and seedling growth rate ( Levin, 1983 ; von Well and Fossey, 1998 ). On the other hand, polyploidy can be negatively related to seed germination rate ( Levin, 1983 ) and seedling growth rate ( Swanborough and Westoby, 1996 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyploidy but Not Range Size Is Associated With Seed and Seedling Traits That Affect Performance of Pomaderris Species

2022

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Ploidy and species range size or threat status have been linked to variation in phenotypic and phenological seed and seedling traits, including seed size, germination rate (speed) and seedling stature. There is surprisingly little known about the ecological outcomes of relationships between ploidy, key plant traits and the drivers of range size. Here we determined whether ploidy and range size in Pomaderris, a genus of shrubs that includes many threatened species, are associated with variation in seed and seedling traits that might limit the regeneration performance of obligate seeders in fire-prone systems. We experimentally quantified seed dormancy and germination processes using fire-related heat treatments and evaluated seedling performance under drought stress. We also examined the association of seed size with other seed and seedling traits. Polyploids had bigger seeds, a faster germination rate and larger and taller seedlings than diploids. There was a lack of any clear relationship between range size and seed or seedling traits. The ploidy effects observed for many traits are likely to be indirect and associated with the underlying seed size differences. These findings indicate that there is a higher potential competitive advantage in polyploid than diploid Pomaderris during regeneration, a critical stage in the post-fire environment. This insight to the regeneration phase may need to be considered when planning and prioritising management of threatened species.

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Two closely relatedTulipaspecies with different ploidy levels show distinct germination rates

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Maternal effects strengthen interactions of temperature and precipitation, determining seed germination of dominant alpine grass species

Maternal effects strengthen interactions of temperature and precipitation, determining seed germination of dominant alpine grass species

Correlated evolution of seed mass and genome size varies among life forms in flowering plants

Polyploidy but Not Range Size Is Associated With Seed and Seedling Traits That Affect Performance of Pomaderris Species

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