Two coexisting lines of the endoparasitoid Venturia canescens show differences in reproductive success under conspecific superparasitism

Reineke, Annette; Roberts, Harry; Schmidt, Otto

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2003.11.003

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The results of asymmetrical competition between first instars suggested that older larvae usually have an advantage over younger ones; nevertheless, an early deposited individual is not always the winner, as shown by Marris and Casperd (1996) and Reineke et al (2004) for Venturia canescens (Ichneumonidae). Competition most likely involved final physical combat with the mandibles, but the physiological effects of coexisting individuals on the development of eggs or larvae cannot be ruled out, because some larvae were dead before hatching (although they did have wound marks on the body).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…asitized hosts are scarce and offspring oviposited into a parasitized host have some chance of survival (Godfray, 1994). The interval time between first and second ovipositions is important in determining the outcome and mechanism of larval competition (Hubbard et al, 1987;Marris and Casperd, 1996;Reineke et al, 2004). In M. pulchricornis, older individuals do not always have a definitive advantage over younger larvae in competition between first instars, and individuals oviposited later should win against older larvae when the interval between ovipositions is sufficiently long to allow competition between first and second instars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intraspecific larval competition in Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a solitary endoparasitoid of lepidopteran larvae

Châu

Maetô

2008

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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Intraspecific competition of larvae in superparasitism was examined in Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a solitary endoparasitoid of lepidopteran larvae. The outcome of competition principally depended on the time interval between two ovipositions by conspecific females. Lethal symmetrical competition by physical attacks with sharp mandibles occurred between first-instar larvae just after or before hatching when two eggs were laid almost simultaneously into the same host within 30 min. During asymmetrical competition between first-instar larvae oviposited at an interval of 24 h, older larvae tended to win against younger ones. However, during competition between first-and second-instar larvae oviposited at an interval of 72 h, the first instar always killed amandibulate second instars by physical attacks using the mandibles. In contrast, obvious developmental delays, but not death, of young first-instar larvae were detected as a result of asymmetrical competition at a 96-h interval. We did not observe egg mortality during either symmetrical or asymmetrical competition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific larval competition in Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a solitary endoparasitoid of lepidopteran larvae

Châu

Maetô

2008

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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“…Survival rates (SR) under single parasitism are calculated from the present study, under intra-line superparasitism from Beck et al (1999) (Table 1) and from inter-line superparasitism from Reineke et al (2004) (Table 2).…”

Section: An Empiricalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, under intra-line competition the RM-wasps produced significantly fewer offspring than the RP-wasps. Reineke et al (2004) examined the reproductive success of the two lines when each competing female was allowed to oviposit only a single egg into each host, with the second female ovipositing after a lag time of 4 to 48 h. For the RM-line, the relative pay-off of superparasitism was around 65%…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An empirical model of the sympatric coexistence of two strains of the endoparasitoid wasp Venturia canescens

Roberts

Keller

Schmidt

2006

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Recent research has demonstrated that a laboratory culture of the asexual solitary endoparasitoid wasp Venturia canescens Grav. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) contains two genetically and phenotypically distinct lines, coexisting on their host the flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The basis to the coexistence of the two lines appears to be differences in their reproductive success under single parasitism and superparasitism. Furthermore, examination of field-derived wasps from several locations has shown that the phenotypes displayed by the laboratory colonies also co-occur in field populations. Historically, the impossibility of showing that two species do not occupy separate niches has precluded any demonstration of sympatric coexistence in the field. Here we present the results of an iterative model that uses a range of experimental life history data to predict the stable composition of a mixed population of two lines displaying the laboratory phenotypes under different rates of superparasitism. The model predicts that sympatric coexistence of the two lines is possible when the overall rate of superparasitism is between 4 and 12% or greater. These values are within the rates reported for other solitary endoparasitoid wasp species in the field, and so demonstrate that the sympatric coexistence under natural conditions of two species that display the phenotypes observed in the laboratory lines is, in principle, possible.

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Evolutionary origin of Venturia canescens virus‐like particles

Reineke

Asgari

Schmidt

2006

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Insect host-parasitoid interactions provide fascinating examples of evolutionary adaptations in which the parasitoid employs a variety of measures and countermeasures to overcome the immune responses of its host. Maternal factors introduced by the female wasps during egg deposition play an important role in interfering with cellular and humoral components of the host's immune defence. Some of these components actively suppress host immune components and some are believed to confer protection for the developing endoparasitoid by rather passive means. The Venturia canescens/Ephestia kuehniella parasitoid-host system is unique among other systems in that the cellular defence capacity of the host remains virtually intact after parasitization. This system raises some important questions that are discussed in this mini-review: If immune protection of the egg and the emerging larva is achieved by surface properties comprising glycoproteins and virus-like particles (VLPs) produced by the female wasp, why is the prophenoloxidase activating cascade blocked in parasitized caterpillars? Another question is the evolutionary origin of these particles, given that the functional role and structural features of V. canescens VLP proteins are more related to cellular proteins than to viruses.

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Two coexisting lines of the endoparasitoid Venturia canescens show differences in reproductive success under conspecific superparasitism

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Intraspecific larval competition in Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a solitary endoparasitoid of lepidopteran larvae

Intraspecific larval competition in Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a solitary endoparasitoid of lepidopteran larvae

An empirical model of the sympatric coexistence of two strains of the endoparasitoid wasp Venturia canescens

Evolutionary origin of Venturia canescens virus‐like particles

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